问题 阅读理解

June 27, 2010, is the 130th anniversary of the birth of Helen Keller, and each year the week in which her birthday falls is recognized as Deaf-Blind Awareness Week (海伦凯勒周). In honor of Helen Keller—and other members of the deaf-blind community, this week is devoted to the deaf-blind.
Every year the last week of June is devoted to one thing – recognition of the deaf-blind people in our midst. While the purpose of Deaf-Blind Awareness Week is to show respect for Helen Keller, the deaf-blind woman who was born that week, the week focuses on increasing public awareness and understanding of deaf-blindness.
According to the Helen Keller National Center (HKNC), about 70,000 people have hearing and vision loss. More than ten years ago, Deaf-Blind Awareness
Week became an event officially recognized by the Federal government.
The story of Helen Keller is well known. Born on June 27, 1880, the healthy baby was developing normally. But at the age of 19 months, an illness left her deaf and blind. When Helen was six, her equally famous teacher, Anne Sullivan, was able to teach her to communicate. Helen Keller went on to do well in all aspects of her life: graduating from college with honors and writing, lecturing, and inspiring people worldwide.
小题1: Which of the following is NOT the purpose of Deaf-Blind Awareness Week according to the passage?
A.To show respect for Helen Keller’s teacher, Anne Sullivan.
B.To show respect for Helen Keller.
C.To increase public awareness of deaf-blindness.
D.To increase public understanding of deaf-blindness.
小题2:When is Deaf-Blind Awareness Week?
A.June 27, 2007.B.The last week of June ten years ago.
C.June 27, 1880.D.The last week of June every year.
小题3:According to the passage, Helen Keller______.
A.was born deaf and blindB.did not do very well in college
C.was taught to communicate at the age of 16
D.inspired people all over the world with her books and lectures
小题4: What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Deaf-Blind Awareness WeekB.Helen Keller
C.The Helen Keller National CenterD.Anne Sullivan
答案

小题1:A小题1:D小题1:D小题1:A

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读论述类文本,完成小题(9分,每小题3分)

徽州的天井文化

“有堂皆井”是徽派建筑的特色。在众多的徽州古屋祠堂中,天井作为徽派建筑最富个性,最为壮美的构件,充分显示了她艺术构思的奇巧精湛,视觉效果的优美耐看,文化蕴涵的深沉独到。

徽式民居天井,多横敞在堂前的下首与大门之间,布口方位宽窄不一,深浅位置可宽可窄,吞吐光线各有千秋。这种变化多端的天井,由井口、井身、明堂组成,客观上在正堂与门厅之间,形成一种过渡的闲逸空间,与内室的隐蔽,与厅堂的庄重截然有别。井底,多由当地紫青或芝麻花冈岩铺垫。蓄水池,为古铜锁型。浅显的石隙设有排水暗沟。有的还在四周筑围着青石条拦板。这些石条拦板,雕有花草鸟兽,经风雨湿润变得厚重而怆凉。井身由堂、阁、顶构成。在三间二厢的庭院结构中,一般一居室一天井。有的厨房部分还留有小天井。大户人家宅屋相连一片,一进一天井,套间组合,环环相扣,有的甚至号称百余个天井。也有特殊地形造成的三角形,或多角形的天井组合。如在绩溪上庄的宅坦村,还见到了一家后堂由大小三个天井构成的三角形状。建筑学家认为,徽州人居家于山中,湿气重,雨水多,故多座北朝南。而天井在室内通风、采光、透气中,起着相当重要的调节作用,创造着内室温和的视觉空间,创造着舒适的生活环境。在建筑技法上,天井是典型的虚实结合手法,借以展示出一种似有与似无,恍惚与朦胧的空间美,又是徽州人“无中生有,有中生无”哲学抽象的艺术物化。

天井是徽派建筑的重要格式,与马头墙等成为徽派民居的基本构件,也是徽州人人文思想积淀和审美的主要载体。天井,俗称“天空之井”。由“天留”衍化而来。居室上方正中处,不加遮掩,明亮敞开,谓之“中留”。据考证,中国唐朝居室,就有天井一说。而从中原一带迁徙来的徽州先民,将这一概念,在徽州本土上顺乎山区地理,进一步挖掘深化,返朴归真,赋予了崭新的人文内涵。天井题材,在乡土情趣中,开启了全新的审美视角。透过天井口沿,可见白云袅袅遮角,可听河溪流水淙淙。主人在通转楼顶“破口”借天,引入春风雨露,镶嵌月色阳光,凸现出徽州人把握命运胆略的老练。匠人勾梁结柱,托撑起半空楼板,仿佛想把世界捏在手中,方显技艺高超,用心良苦非凡。主人通过天井拓展外部空间,与自然山水互动。

粉墙黑瓦中天井的出现,蕴藏了许多历史的奥秘,饱含着深邃的人生哲理。徽州人在生存斗争中形成的理念,在宗族自治中凝固的伦理,在山水滋润中养成的习俗,渗透到生活的每一角落,也悄悄融进了天井的建筑实体。“家有天井一方,子子孙孙兴旺”。这成了徽州人的一种普遍的社会心态。在徽州风水理论中,水是“玉气”和“财富”象征。天井巧造“四水归堂”,寓意着暗室生财。锁型井底蓄水,是想锁扣住来之不易的财气。“肥水不流外人田”,这是封建商人哲学的直接表露,更是宗法思想在作怪。

从建筑学上看,天井,大胆在内室空间上进行变形,进行突破,充分表现了徽州人祟尚自然,追求和谐,追求“天人合一”理念的勇气,又可以为楼阁、过厢、梁柱的木雕修饰,腾出一块用武空间。她将大自然嵌入院落,人们足不出户,即可将日月星辰尽收眼底,倍觉浑然一体,心旷而神怡。这是何等想象力,又是何等的心身享受啊。天井,也表达了徽州商绅们的慎独与隐逸的处世心态。高墙重门,似是看破风尘想与世绝缘;破口冲天,似又想突出苦海重围,能有作为;坐井观天,取无为而有为,运筹帷幄于千里之外。徽州人的这种矛盾叛逆心理,徽州人的聪明才气,在小巧的天井上,被发挥得淋漓尽致。

小题1:从原文看,下列对徽州“天井”的表述,不正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A.天井作为徽州古屋祠堂中最富个性的构件,在艺术构思和文化蕴涵上都充分显示了徽派建筑的独特风格。

B.变化多端的徽式民居天井,多横敞在堂前的下首与大门之间,其布口方位,深浅位置,吞吐光线各不相同。

C.天井一般由井口、井身、明堂、井底、蓄水池组成;天井可使正堂和门厅之间形成一种过渡的闲逸空间。

D.天井在室内通风、采光透气中等方面起有重要的调节作用,能创造内室温和的视觉空间,营造舒适的生活环境。小题2:下列对原文结构和内容的分析,不正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A文章第二段主要讲徽州天井的构造,并谈到了徽州天井的建筑技法。

B.文章第三段从徽派建筑和审美的角度来说明徽州天井的人文内涵。

C.文章第四段分析徽州天井体现的历史奥秘,人生哲理,伦理习俗等。

D.文章先写天井的外在构造,再写其内在意蕴,最后写了天井的作用。

小题3:下列对本文的理解和分析,正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A.天井是徽派建筑中最富个性、最为壮美的构件,因而才会有“有堂皆井”的说法。

B.徽州人有“无中生有,有中生无”的哲学思想,而天井则正以实物表现出这一点。

C.“天井”最早产生于唐朝,而徽州先民则将这一概念在徽州进一步挖掘深化。

D.小巧的天井将徽州商绅们的慎独隐逸、矛盾叛逆心理和聪明才气表现得淋漓尽致。

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