问题 实验题

(14分)化学兴趣小组对某品牌牙膏中摩擦剂成分及其含量进行以下探究:

查得资料:该牙膏摩擦剂由碳酸钙、氢氧化铝组成;牙膏中其他成分遇到盐酸时无气体产生。

Ⅰ.摩擦剂中氢氧化铝的定性检验。

取适量牙膏样品,加水充分搅拌、过滤。

(1)往滤渣中加入过量NaOH溶液,过滤。氢氧化铝与NaOH溶液反应的离子方程式是______________________________。

(2)往(1)所得滤液中先通入过量二氧化碳,再加入过量稀盐酸。观察到的现象是__________________________________________________________。

Ⅱ.牙膏样品中碳酸钙的定量测定。

利用如图所示装置(图中夹持仪器略去)进行实验,充分反应后,测定C中生成的BaCO3沉淀质量,以确定碳酸钙的质量分数。

依据实验过程回答下列问题:

(3)实验过程中需持续缓缓通入空气。其作用除了可搅拌B、C中的反应物外,还有__________________________________________

(4)C中反应生成BaCO3的化学方程式是_____________________________________

(5)下列各项措施中,不能提高测定准确度的是________(填标号)。

a.在加入盐酸之前,应排净装置内的CO2气体

b.滴加盐酸不宜过快

c.在A~B之间增添盛有浓硫酸的洗气装置

d.在B~C之间增添盛有饱和碳酸氢钠溶液的洗气装置

(6)实验中准确称取8.00 g样品三份,进行三次测定,测得BaCO3平均质量为3.94 g。则样品中碳酸钙的质量分数为________。

(7)有人认为不必测定C中生成的BaCO3质量,只要测定装置C在吸收CO2前后的质量差,就可以确定碳酸钙的质量分数。实验证明按此方法测定的结果明显偏高,原因是______________________________。

答案

(1)Al(OH)3+OH===AlO2+2H2O或Al(OH)3+OH===[Al(OH)4]

(2)通入CO2气体有白色沉淀生成;加入盐酸有气体产生、沉淀溶解

(3)把生成的CO2全部排入C中,使之完全被Ba(OH)2溶液吸收

(4)Ba(OH)2+CO2===BaCO3↓+H2O     (5)c、d       (6)25%

(7)B中的水蒸气、HCl气体等进入装置C中(或其他合理答案)

题目分析:(1)氢氧化铝与NaOH溶液反应的离子方程式是Al(OH)3+OH===AlO2+2H2O

(2)向(1)中滤液中通过量的CO2气体有Al(OH)3白色沉淀生成,加入过量盐酸沉淀又溶解。

(3)通入空气还可以把生成的CO2全部排入C中,使之完全被Ba(OH)2溶液吸收。

(4)C中的反应方程式为Ba(OH)2+CO2===BaCO3↓+H2O

(5)在加入盐酸之前,应排净装置内的CO2气体可以提高测定的准确度,a不选;B装置中有酸碱指示剂,说明反应中盐酸的加入量是有限的,为保证准确,滴加过程要慢,b不选;B中装有溶液,因此气体通入前没有必要干燥,c选;在B—C之间连接盛有饱和NaHCO3溶液的洗气瓶会造成Ba(OH)2溶液还可能吸收由挥发出的氯化氢与NaHCO3反应生成的CO2气体,干扰试验,d选。

(6)根据碳元素守恒得:BaCO3—CO2—CaCO3,m(CaCO3)=,CaCO3的质量分数为

(7)B中的水蒸气、氯化氢等气体进入装置C中,质量差要大于实际产生CO2气体的质量。

点评:本题综合性强,突出对学生分析实验、理解实验、数据处理等能力的考察。

单项选择题
完形填空
When my oldest son was in high school, he planned to attend a Christian contemporary concert with the youth group from our church. To my    36  , Aaron invited me to go along.  I    37   accepted; however, by the time the date of the concert arrived, my youngest son had been ill, and I was    38  about him. My husband    39   me to attend the concert, promising he would take care of our youngest. I hesitated.
Finally, it    40   me. Aaron was sixteen years old. How many    41   would I have to do something fun with him    42   he went away to college? And how many youth actually    43    their mothers to attend a concert with them that was clearly for  teens?  The    44   was made. I would not miss this opportunity.
At the concert, I sat with Aaron in the third row, stuffing (填塞) cotton in my ears to block out the    45  , ear-splitting music of the first performer. I stood when the kids stood, clapped when they clapped, and never let anyone know how    46   I was to feel  the  floor  vibrate (震动) beneath my feet. Aaron and his friends were    47   at my enthusiasm.
By the time we left the concert, my ears were ringing, but it quickly passed.    48   did my son's teenage years.    49   he was in college and away from home. I missed him more than I could say. On days when I was especially    50   for his ready smile and his teasing manner, I would think back to the concert we attended and be thankful once again  that  I  didn't    51   an opportunity to spend time with my son.
Aaron is now grown and has a family of his own, but we are still very    52  . Some days he calls just to    53   and tell me about his day. I drop everything and    54  the moment, knowing these times too shall    55  .
小题1:
A.amazementB.agreementC.argumentD.disappointment
小题2:
A.hardlyB.suddenlyC.readilyD.rapidly
小题3:
A.crazyB.mercifulC.patient D.concerned
小题4:
A.preventedB.encouragedC.stoppedD.refused
小题5:
A.determinedB.hit C.controlledD.annoyed
小题6:
A.opportunitiesB.yearsC.festivals D.moments
小题7:
A.afterB.since C.whenD.before
小题8:
A.invitedB.advisedC.allowedD.promised
小题9:
A.invitationB.designC.demandD.decision
小题10:
A.sillyB.pleasantC.loudD.sweet
小题11:
A.excitedB.nervous C.curiousD.surprised
小题12:
A.puzzledB.annoyedC.amusedD.disappointed
小题13:
A.SuchB.NeitherC.SoD.Either
小题14:
A.In no timeB.In timeC.At a timeD.At the time
小题15:
A.tiredB.worriedC.upsetD.lonely
小题16: A. have           B. miss         C. obtain           D. grasp  
小题17:
A.closeB.openC.youngD.positive
小题18:
A.talkB.speakC.chatD.communicate
小题19:
A.waitB.spendC.listen D.enjoy
小题20:
A.passB.gainC.loseD.keep