问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成后面的题目。

寂静除夕夜

梅朝霞

  ①除夕之夜,为什么整个村庄像熟睡一般寂静?

  ②每当震耳欲聋的鞭炮声四起,绚丽夺目的焰火映亮夜空……我就会情不自禁地想起20 年前的那个除夕夜。

  ③那是“ * * ”时期,父亲一夜之间被打成“现行反革命分子”。这突如其来的打击让母亲不知所措,她疯了。和美之家一下子抽去了两根顶梁柱,剩下的,除了一个年过半百的姥姥,就是我们几个未成年的孩子了。

  ④日子的艰难可想而知。品学兼优的姐姐含泪放弃了学业-- 很快在小学当上了民办教师。尽管如此,家里依然是吃了上顿没下顿。更痛苦的是,精神失常的母亲还时不时对这个破败之家来个毁灭性的摧残。她平日安安静静不言不语,但只要一看见人流泪或听到鞭炮声(她误会成枪声),便歇斯底里地大哭大闹,摔碗,直至声嘶力竭动弹不得。因此,姥姥常常嘱咐我们,无论如何不能在母亲面前流泪。

  ⑤春节临近了,按乡村规矩小年放鞭炮敬拜祖先,而除夕夜放鞭炮则是一年好运的预兆。早已被折磨得不成人形的姥姥心力交瘁,万般无奈中将我们姐弟叫到跟前,吩咐道:“你们出去给家家户户磕磕头、说说好话,看能不能过小年不放鞭炮,三十再放,省得你们的母亲接二连三地发作,我实在是怕了。”

  ⑥我们居住的院子前后约有九排七八十户人家。我们从头一排开始,每到一户姐弟四人便一字儿排开,齐齐下跪,告诉他们母亲的病情,乞求他们少放一次鞭炮。就这样我们不过走了十多户人家,人们便一传十,十传百,再后来家家户户都陆续出来人了。围拢来的乡亲说什么也不让我们下跪,一位年长的大妈抱起我,含泪道:“苦命的孩子,不用磕头了,我们不放鞭炮,一个也不放。”小年就这样平静地过去了。

  ⑦三十那天,吃过晚饭后,姥姥便领着我们着手应对即将面临的灾难。先是将乡亲们偷偷援助的家什一一转移到母亲够不着的地方,然后让年幼的我上床休息,躺在被里的我怎么也睡不着。只听姥姥轻声吩咐8 岁的二姐守前门,11 岁的哥哥守后门,她和姐姐则设法招架母亲。

  ⑧时间一分一秒地慢慢过去,我终于熬不住睡着了。也不知过了多久,公鸡的啼鸣声将我唤醒。那一夜,辞旧迎新的鞭炮声始终未曾响起,整个村庄熟睡一般鸦雀无声。好心的人们为了不让我们这个风雨飘摇之家雪上加霜,摒弃了几千年来流传的习俗,竟然连除夕也没放鞭炮。

  ⑨以后的日子好过得多,被判刑15 年的父亲只关了一年便得以平反昭雪。父亲出狱前母亲奇迹般康复了。再后来政府又补发了父亲的工资,并将我们全家迁居城镇。我们就此告别了那一方乡土,告别了那些善良的人们。

  ⑩20 年过去了,岁月的流水冲淡了许多记忆,但是,那个寂静的除夕夜却令我永生难忘,乡亲们善良的义举时时感染着我。熟识的人都说我特富同情心,因为我被乡亲们关爱过。我深深懂得,一个看似微不足道的举动也会给别人带来终生的慰藉,一如我,一如我们全家。

  我再次遥望远方,默默祈祷:愿你们永远平安。 (文章有删改)

1. 文章第①段在全文中有什么作用?

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2. 第⑧段“好心的人们为了不让我们这个风雨飘摇之家雪上加霜”中“风雨飘摇”写出了我们家怎样的境况?

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3. 第⑧段“那一夜,辞旧迎新的鞭炮声始终未 曾响起,整个村庄熟睡一般鸦雀无声”,乡亲们在除夕之夜都未放鞭炮,这表现了乡亲们怎样的品德?

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4. 第⑦段“躺在被里的我怎么也睡不着”,睡不 着的“我”会想些什么呢?请写下来。(不少于50 字)

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5. 结合文意,谈谈你对第⑩段中画线句子的理解。

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6. 读完文章后,请你写下一个值得探究的问题。

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答案

1.(1)开篇点题。

   (2)用疑问句开头,引起读者阅读的兴趣,同时引出所要叙述的内容。

2.接二连三的灾难让我们家陷入了困境之中(或父亲被打成反革命分子,判刑15年,母亲因刺激而疯,衰老的姥姥带着4个孩子艰难度日。)

3.示例:表现了乡亲们淳朴,善良无私,善解人意。

4.答案提示:扣住“我”担心、惧怕的心理来写。

5.示例:一个小举动的力量是巨大的。它可以帮助一切需要帮助的人,给人带来的慰藉是终生的。

6.答案提示:只要学生能扣住文章内容提问题,言之有理即可。(注意:所提问题应是一个完整问句。)

问答题 简答题
单项选择题

This year’s Sumantra Ghoshal Conference, held at London Business School, debated whether strategy research has become irrelevant to the practice of management. The late Mr Ghoshal published a paper in 2005 scolding business schools for pouring "bad theory" on their students. That same year Warren Bennis and James O’Toole, both at the University of Southern California, published an article in the Harvard Business Review criticising MBA programmes for paying too much attention to "scientific" research and not enough to what current and future managers actually needed. Business schools, they argued, would be better off acting more like their professional counterparts, such as medical or law schools, nurturing skilled practitioners as well as frequent publishers.

However, business school professors have a tendency not to change. Since universities take journal rankings into account when awarding tenure, academics are rewarded more when they publish in research journals. (Popular media rankings of MBA programmes, although not The Economist’s, also take research output into account.)

In 2008 the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) took up the debate, publishing a report on making business research more useful. It suggested that tenure committees become more flexible. A scholar dedicated to popularising management ideas, for example, should be evaluated on book sales and attention from the news media, not on articles in research journals. This would allow faculty to reach out to wider audiences, rather than be, as Messrs Bennis and O’Toole put it, "damned as popularisers".

But that might also risk granting tenure on the basis of trendy but ultimately unhelpful ideas. In any case, some argue that the relevance of business research is understated. Jan Williams, vice chair of AACSB, argues that doing research allows faculty members to stay at the forefront of their subject, and that in turn improves their teaching. "We can’t teach students outdated material," he says.

What is more, a paper in Academy of Management Learning & Education suggests that faculty members’ research productivity and their students’ earnings after graduation may be positively linked. Certainly, the best known schools often have p research reputations to match their recognition in the wider world. So, should a student worry about a faculty’s research ability when applying to a school If business schools with better researchers produce better-paid graduates, then perhaps they should. But only up to a point: what MBA students most need is skillful teaching and help in developing their critical thinking skills first; access to frontier research comes afterwards. As Messrs Bennis and O’Toole put it: "Business professors too often forget that executive decision-makers are not fact-collectors; they are fact users and integrators.

The ranking of MBA programmes is mentioned in brackets in order to()

A. name a particular ranking including the application factor

B. provide a supporting argument for the importance of research output

C. explain why universities expect journal papers from professors

D. show another way for professors to get permanent teaching positions