问题 单项选择题

分子中不含有氧桥,难以进入中枢神经系统的药物是()

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

本题考莨菪生物碱类的药物结构。分析:①选项A为硫酸阿托品;②选项B为异丙托溴铵;③选项C为噻托溴铵;④选项D为氢溴酸东茛菪碱。第1题,结构中含氧桥,不含托品酸,"噻托溴铵是将东茛菪碱季铵化,并将其托品酸改造为二噻酚羟乙酸而衍生出的药物。作用于异丙托溴铵似,松弛支气管平滑肌作用较强,可延长支气管扩张。"季铵类药物多不易通过中枢神经系统。第2题,结构中不含氧侨,含托品酸。"异丙托溴铵是按阿托品季铵化得到的盐,因难以难过血脑屏障,而不能进入中枢神经系统,不呈现中枢作用。"

第3题,结构中含氧侨,含托品酸。"氢溴酸东茛菪碱与莨菪碱在结构上的区别是,结构中醇部分为茛菪品(亦称东茛菪醇)与托品相比,在6,7位间多一个β取向的桥氧基团,运使得东茛菪碱的脂溶性增强,易进入中枢神经系统,是莨菪生物碱中中枢作用最强的药物一其酸结构部分为左旋托品酸,因此东茛菪碱具左旋性,遇稀碱液时易发生消旋化。"其他分析:选项A(硫酸阿托品):结构中不含氧桥,含托品酸,"阿托品易从肠道和眼结膜吸收,广泛分布于全身,可通过胎盘与血脑屏障……阿托品具有外周和中枢M受体拮抗剂作用。"选项E(丁溴东茛菪碱):结构中含氧侨,含托品酸。"丁溴东茛菪碱为东茛著碱季铵化得到的药物.为了降低东茛著碱对中枢神经系统的作用和,在其东茛著醇氦原子上引入烷基,成为季饺离子,难以进入中枢,成为外周抗胆碱药。"

单项选择题

I first went to hear a live rock concert when I was eight years old. My brother and his friends were all fans of a heavy metal group called Black Wednesday. When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought (21) for the performance. However, at the last minute, once of the friends couldn’t go, so my brother offered me the ticket. I was really excited!

I remember the buzz (嘈杂声) of excitement inside the theatre as we all found our seats. After a few minutes, the lights went down and everybody became quiet. I could barely make out the stage in the (22) . We waited. Then there was a roar from the crowd, like an explosion, as the first members of the band stepped onto the stage. My brother leaned over and shouted something in my ear, but I couldn’t hear what he was saying. The first song was already starting and the music was as (23) as a jet engine. I could (24) the drum beats and bass notes in my stomach.

I can’t recall any of the songs that the band played. I just (25) that I really enjoyed the show and didn’t want it to (26) . But in the end, after three encores (加演), the show finished. We left the (27) and walked unsteadily out onto the pavement. I felt a little dizzy, as if I had just woken from a long sleep. My ears were still (28) with the beat of the last song.

After the (29) , I became a Black Wednesday fan too for a few years before getting into other kinds of music. Once in a while, though, I listen to one of their songs and (30) I’m back at that first show.

28()

A.aching 

B.burning 

C.ringing 

D.rolling

单项选择题