问题 填空题

镍具有优良的物理和化学特性,是许多领域尤其是高技术产业的重要原料。羰基法提纯粗镍涉及的两步反应依次为:

(1)Ni(S)+4CO(g) Ni(CO)4(g)+Q

(2)Ni(CO)4(g) Ni(S)+4CO(g)

完成下列填空:

(1)在温度不变的情况下,要提高反应(1)中Ni(CO4)的产率,可采取的措施有                。

(2)已知在一定条件下的2L密闭容器中制备Ni(CO)4,粗镍(纯度98.5%,所含杂质不与CO反应)剩余质量和反应时间的关系如右图所示。Ni(CO)4在0~10min的平均反应速率为       。

(3)若反应(2)达到平衡后,保持其他条件不变,降低温度,重新达到平衡时        。

a.平衡常数K增大   b.CO的浓度减小

c.Ni的质量减小    d.v[Ni(CO)4]增大

(4)简述羰基法提纯粗镍的操作过程。

答案

(1)及时移走Ni(CO)4,加压。

(2)0.05mol·L-min-

(3)bc。

(4)先将粗镍和CO在50℃反应生成羰基镍,然后将羰基镍转移到另外一个中,升温至230℃热解得到纯镍。

(1)反应(1)是正向气体体积缩小的放热反应,因此根据平衡移动原理在温度不变的情况下采取可增大CO浓度,及时移走Ni(CO)4,加压的方法等提高产率;

(2)根据题意,反应的Ni为1 mol,则生成Ni(CO)4为1 mol,反应速率为1/(2×10)=0.05mol·L-min-

(3)反应(2)是正向气体体积增大的吸热反应,则,降低温度平衡逆向移动,平衡常数K、CO的浓度、Ni的质量、v【Ni(CO)4】均减小;根据反应⑴⑵的特点可提纯粗镍。

【考点定位】 本题考查化学反应速率、平衡移动原理的应用。

阅读理解

Take Action for a Better World: Volunteers Needed
Six months’ preparation in Denmark: Africa studies, team work combined with social work with risk group teenagers.
Six months’ community work in Malawi in People to People Projects: Child Aid, HIV / AIDS. Fights and Teacher Training.
Qualifications: 18 years, hard working and social engagement.
Please contact us by e-mail: takeaction@ betterworld.com.
 
Part-time work with Exchange Students
YOUTH International is a non-profit high school foreign exchange students organization. We welcome teenagers from over 80 countries worldwide and provide host families. The community Representative is a part-time position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding in the community and earn some extra money.
Applicants best suited for this work should enjoy teenagers, have a strong interest in cross-cultural communication and feel comfortable networking. Full training and support will be provided through branch offices throughout the US. Positions available in most states.
If interested, please email staff@ youth. org or call 888—123—9872.
 
International Summer Job
Hi, I’m an ESL student in China. I’m 20, quiet and polite, and I speak reasonable English. I’m looking for a summer job in an English-speaking country. I can teach Chinese or do house and garden work and cook Chinese dishes. Can anybody offer me a job? I don’t need to earn much, just enough in two months ( July --- August) to pay for my return ticket to China. My goal is to improve my English and see a bit more of the world.
My email is: ram3462@ hotmail.com.
 
Call for Native Speaker of English
I am looking for native speakers of English to join in an experiment. This experiment is carried out over the Internet. You don’t need any specific knowledge other than understanding and speaking English at a native level. The first task will take you around 15 minutes. After this task, you can decide whether you want to continue the experiment. The tasks involve reading texts and designing questions and answers.
If you are willing to help me, then please email us: club3864@ hotmail.com
64. Who is suitable to work as a Community Representative in YOUTH International?
A. One who enjoys working with teenagers from different countries.
B. One who hopes to take action in fighting against diseases.
C. One who has a strong desire to improve his or her English.
D. One who wants to earn some pocket money in the program.
65. Where will Jack, a volunteer, receive the training before he is sent to work in Malawi?
A. In some local offices in the US.       
B. In an ESL organization in China.
C. In a preparation program in Demark.   
D. In an exchange student center in Africa.
66. If Mrs. Black in the US hopes to learn some Chinese at home, she may contact _______.
A. takeaction@betterworld.com       B. ram3462@hotmail.com
C. club3864@hotmail.com           D. staff@youth.org  
67. What are volunteers for an experiment over the Internet supposed to do?
A. To interview people online.            B. To do some house work.
C. To offer advice on Child Aid      D. To provide language exercises.
单项选择题