问题 综合

图Ⅰ为某河段示意图,图Ⅱ表示该河段上①、②两观测点所测得的年流量变化。阅读图文材料完成下列要求。(28分)

(1)当地政府为了提高甲河道流量,计划在图Ⅰ中A、B两点之间修建拦河坝,该措施可能使河水对C点河岸的冲刷________。为使甲河道流量在汛期提高不致太多,请对如何修建该拦河坝提出两条合理建议。(8分)

(2)与观测点②相比,观测点①测得的流量较________。其原因是_________________________________________________________________。(12分)

(3)请在图Ⅱ上绘出图Ⅰ中点③所在断面1~7月的流量变化趋势曲线。(8分)

答案

(1)加剧

建议:控制堤坝高度,修调节水闸。

(2)大(多) 乙河道的分流作用

(3)

(1)A、B两点之间修建拦河坝,提高了甲河道流量,C为凹岸,冲刷加剧。而使汛期流量不致提高太多,就需要调节汛期流量,建议要合理实用。

(2)两观测点流量大小从图Ⅱ中可以得出。原因从图I可以分析出主要是河道分汊造成的。容易错的是误认为下游流量较大。

(3)注意要求绘制的是1~7月的流量变化趋势曲线,并且各月份流量②和③之和大致等于①。

选择题
阅读理解

If you’re training for a marathon , a proper plan for water intake (摄入) is important. Of course, there’s the risk of dehydration (脱水). But athletes now know they can also get into trouble by drinking too much. Too much water intake can lower levels of sodium (钠) in the blood . The death of a 28-year-old woman following the Boston Marathon caught the attention of many runners and led to new research.

Experts advise long distance runners to replace the liquids they sweat out. Their goal is to try to keep someone from not getting dehydrated by more than 2 percent of their body weight.

One technique for deciding how much water you need is to get the exact numbers. Runners have to weight themselves before and after a run to determine how much water they’ve lost. If their weight drops by more than 2 percent, they have not drunk enough water.

Hyponatremia occurs when runners drink so much water that blood salt levels drop off. A study published last year tested 488 runners who completed the Boston Marathon and found 13 percent of them had dangerously low blood salt levels. The first sign that runners may notice is slightly swelling in the hands. They can’t get their rings off, and then they might feel sick. They may not remember where they are. In fact, most runners get enough salt to get back to normal levels by eating just one meal after a run. Contrary to the old advice that runners should drink as much as they can to prevent dehydration , the new research has shown that the body is a remarkable machine that actually tells you via thirst when you need water .

56.小题1: The author of this passage is primarily concerned with           .

A.the signs and treatment for dehydration

B.the long distance runners who need help

C.how to manage water intake during a marathon

D.a 28-year-old woman who died after a Boston Marathon57. 小题2:Why do runners have to weigh themselves before and after a run ?

A.They can improve their performance in a run.

B.They can learn how much salt there is in the blood.

C.They can know the quantity of water they’ve lost during a run.

D.They can decide what kind of water they should take during a run.58. 小题3:What conclusion can we draw from the passage ?

A.Taking much salt during a run can avoid selling in the body.

B.Either too much or too little of water intake is harmful.

C.A rich meal is helpful to our performance in a run.

D.We should take enough salt during a run.59.小题4:According the passage, which of the following statements is correct ?

A.Too much water intake→blood sodium levels ↓→dehydration.

B.Too much water intake→blood salt levels ↓→hyponatremia .

C.No water intake→blood sodium levels↑→hyponatremia .

D.No water intake →blood salt levels ↓→hyponatrenmia .