问题 阅读理解

A gentle breeze blew through Jennifer's hair. The golden red sun was setting. She was on the beach, looking up at the fiery (火红的) ball. She was amazed by its color, deep red in the middle, softly fading into yellow. She could hear nothing but the waves and the seagulls flying up above in the sky.    

The atmosphere relaxed her. After all she had been through, this was what she needed. "It's getting late," she thought, "I must go home. My parents will be wondering where I am."

She wondered how her parents would react, when she got home after the three days she was missing. She kept on walking, directing herself where she spent every summer holiday. The road was deserted. She walked slowly and silently. Just in a few hundred meters she would have been safe in her house.

It was really getting dark now. The sun had set a few minutes before and it was getting cold too. She wished she had her favorite sweater on: it kept her really warm. She imagined having it with her. This thought disappeared when she finally saw her front door. It seemed different. Nobody had taken care of the outside garden for a few days. She was shocked: her father was usually so strict about keeping everything clean and tidy, and now... It all seemed deserted. She couldn't understand what was going on.    

She entered the house. First, she went into the kitchen where she saw a note written by her father. It said: "Dear Ellen, there is some coffee ready. I went looking." Ellen was her mother but-where was she? On the right side of the hallway was her parents' room. She went in. Then she saw her. Her mother, lying on the bed, was sleeping. Her face looked so tired, as if she hadn't slept for days. She was really pale. Jennifer would have wanted to wake her up but she looked too tired. So Jennifer just fell asleep beside her. When Jennifer woke up, something was different-she wasn't in her mother's room and she wasn't wearing the old clothes she ran away in. She was in her cozy bed in her pajamas.     

It felt so good being back home. Suddenly she heard a voice, "Are you feeling better now, dear? You know you got us very, very scared."

小题1:Three days later Jennifer came back home     .

A.at sunrise

B.at sunset

C.at night

D.at midday小题2: What does the underlined phrase "This thought" most probably mean?

A.The idea of going back home.

B.Her anxiety about her parents.

C.The feeling of being warm in her favorite sweater.

D.The feeling of getting back home safely.小题3: Her father didn't take care of the garden because     .

A.he was busy looking for her

B.he had to look after his wife

C.he was not strict with his job

D.he no longer enjoyed working in the garden小题4:

答案

小题1:B           

小题1:C

小题1:A

小题1:D

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

  序是置于书籍或文章、图表前后的说明文字,主于“序作者之意”“序典籍之所由作”。序可以用于介绍作者其人其事,阐述著作原由,说明作品内容,分析文章精义或者发表评论。序的种类很多,有自序、他序、序略、述、引、题辞等。

  序的起源很早。刘勰《文心雕龙》云:“故论说辞序,则《易》统其首。”颜之推《颜氏家训》也说:“夫文章者,原出五经……序述论议,生于《易》者也。”二人将序的源头追溯到《易》。清代孙梅《四六丛话》继承二人的观点,并有所阐发,他说“《文言》檗栝乎乾坤,《序卦》发挥乎爻象。此则序所由昉,序作者之意者也”,认为序始于《易》之《文言》和《序卦》。也有学者认为序起源于《诗经》之大序,元代徐骏《诗文轨范》、明代吴讷《文章辨体》、郎瑛《七修类稿》都持相同观点。《昭明文选》“序”体选文也首列《毛诗序》。

  《文言》《序卦》二篇是古人对《易》的阐释,是释经之作,以之为序过于牵强。而《毛诗序》并非对《诗经?关雎》的字句词意进行解释,而是对整篇作品的意义进行引申和生发,是有意识地探索原作者的创作意图,更符合“序”的文体特点。因此,以序源于《毛诗序》为是。

  汉代,序的写作有了很大的发展。司马迁《史记》开创了“自序”的体例,序中介绍了自己的身世和生平,并对《史记》的目录和篇次进行了说明。在《史记》中,司马迁还在一些“表”“传”前撰有小序,以发表议论,或说明作表、传的意图。

  除自己撰写序文外,序也可应人之请,受人之托而作,即他序。西晋时,左思《三都赋》成,因人微言轻,无以扬名,于是请当时大名士皇甫谧作序。皇甫谧对《三都赋》大为褒扬,其序一出,豪门士族争相传抄《三都赋》,竟致洛阳纸贵。此后相因成习,每有文成,必请有名望之人为之作序。序文创作盛行,遂成为中国散文史上非常重要的文体形式。

  自古以来,序文佳作不断。唐宋八大家皆有杰出的序文传世。如韩愈《荆潭唱和诗序》寓议论于叙事,提出“和平之音淡薄,而愁思之声要妙。欢愉之辞难工,而穷苦之言易好”的独到见解,成为中国文学批评史上的重要理论。此外,柳宗元的《愚溪诗序》、欧阳修的《伶官传序》等都是序中名篇。

  早期的他序多是后人为前人经典而作的。由于时代距离遥远,作者之意难于探测,所以好序尤为难得。《文体明辨》就此现象道:“盖由后人妄探作者之意而为之,故多穿凿附会,依阿简略,甚或与经相戾,而鲜有发明。独司马迁以下诸儒,著书自为之序,然后己意了然而无误耳。”作者为自己作品写序的好处是“己意了然,无以隔阂”。而他人代为作序,自然隔了一层,即使是同时代的人,相识相知之人作序,要将序文写得中肯贴切,也不是那么容易的事。前人有言:“作者之意,引伸乎序。然他人言之,不若自己言之之深切著明也。他人有心,予忖度之,乌能如腹中所欲言乎?”言简意赅地比较了自序与他序的优劣。更何况,人难兼善,更遑论通才,而求序之书各有专门之学,要准确指出文中精要,殊为难事。(选自《古典文学知识》,有删改)

1.下列对文中“序”的理解,不正确的一项是(  )

A.序是放在书籍或文章、图表前后的说明文字,是我国散文史上非常重要的文体形式。

B.序可以分为自序、他序、序略、述、引、题辞等多种类型,其中自序为司马迁首创。

C.序的作用有介绍作者其人其事、阐述著作原由、说明作品内容、分析文章精义等等。

D.序源于《毛诗序》,汉代获得很大的发展,唐宋时期更是佳作迭出,发展达到顶峰。

2.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,正确的一项是(  )

A.在序的起源问题上,刘勰、颜之推观点相同,徐骏、吴讷、郎瑛观点相同。

B.左思邀请当时大名士皇甫谧为自己的《三都赋》作序,开创了他序之先河。

C.柳宗元《愚溪诗序》、欧阳修《伶官传序》没有韩愈《荆潭唱和诗序》深刻。

D.早期的他序都是后人为前人经典而作的,因为难以了解作者之意,所以好序不多。

3.根据原文的信息,下列分析不正确的一项是(  )

A.阅读《史记》中的“序”,可以了解司马迁的身世和生平及《史记》的目录和篇次。

B.如果他人为《史记》作序,那么他写的序肯定不如司马迁自己写得那样中肯贴切。

C.要了解我国文学史上一些作者的生平及其重要作品,序是非常重要的文献资料。

D.韩愈在《荆潭唱和诗序》中提出的“和平之音淡薄,而愁思之声要妙”等的见解独树一帜。

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