问题 材料题

根据材料并结合所学知识回答问题。

材料 唐中期,杜佑感叹秦朝“以区区关中灭六强国”,而唐朝同样定都于关中,版图广阔,“竭万方之财,上奉京师”,国势却日益衰落。他分析说,“商鞅佐秦,以为地利不尽”,扩大每亩的面积,以此增加农夫耕种数量;招纳秦国以外的人前来耕种,“优其田宅,复及子孙”;“非农与战不得入官。大率百人以五十人为农,五十人习战,故兵强国富。”“其后仕宦途多,末业日滋。今大率百人才十人为农,余皆习他技。又秦汉郑渠(郑国渠)溉田四万顷,白渠溉田四千五百顷,永徽(唐高宗年号,650——655年)中,两渠灌浸不过万顷,大历(唐代宗年号,766——779年)初减至六千亩。亩朘(削减)一斛,岁少四五百万斛。地利耗,人力散,欲求强富,不可得也。”

——据《新唐书》

(1)根据材料,概括指出唐代关中社会经济状况与秦相比有何变化。

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(2)杜佑所批评的“大率百人才十人为农,余皆习他技”现象,实际上反映了社会经济的发展。简析这一现象产生的原因及其影响。

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答案

(1)水利工程衰败;农业收获量减少;越来越多的人从事工商业等活动,农业劳动力剧减。

(2)原因:农业技术改进,农业生产水平提高,以人力投入保证农业收入的状况得以改变。影响:工商业获得发展的基础,从事工商业的人口增加,商业活动趋于繁荣。

阅读理解

Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us.

If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering(不开花的) plants.

Flowering plants can make seeds(种子). The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit.

Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores(孢子). Spores are very, very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores fall on wet and shady(阴凉的) places, they usually grow into new plants.

小题1:What fact does the passage lead you to believe?

A.Of all living things, animals are most important.

B.Spores are seeds.

C.All fruits of flowering plants have seeds.

D.Without plants, man will die out.小题2:The paragraph following the passage will be about ________.

A.how plants can make food from air

B.how spores grow into new plants

C.why some plants have no seeds

D.why non-flowering plants are more important than flowering plants小题3:This passage is most likely to be taken from ________.

A.a story book

B.a novel

C.a science magazine

D.a laboratory report

单项选择题