问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成后面题目。共15分

画家黄永厚

黄永厚生于1928年。小时候有一次发高烧,都被父母卷进芭蕉叶里了,但又活了过来,真是命大。命大,父母寄予厚望。有一回文庙祭孔,父亲分到一块从“牺牲”架上割下来的肉,拿回来先让永厚舔一下,再让大家享用。这成为永厚与传统文化的第一次亲密接触。

哥哥黄永玉在厦门读书,念念不忘自己的弟弟,把钟爱的画册寄给永厚。好一个黄永厚,无师自通,在院子的大照壁上画起画来了,个子太小,索性爬上梯子高空作业。黄永厚十四岁时被抓了壮丁,因画了一幅《诺曼底登陆》就当上中尉,后来考上黄埔军校。风云变幻,还没打仗,部队起义他又成了解放军。在部队里,他还是画画。1954年,考上中央美术学院,毕业后在广州画户外广告。命运多舛,l959年他又被迫离开广州,从此颠沛流离,过了二十多年的穷日子。直到1980年回到北京,做了自由画家,动荡的生活方告结束。

多难的人生反而增加了黄永厚对生活的热爱,养成了他独特的生活态度,培育了他卓异的绘画风格。他视读书为第一生命,涉猎广泛。上了年纪后,更加关注社会人生。他说:“人不能在云里雾里活着,大事面前不敢表态,什么玩艺儿,冷血!”但他又十分低调,深居简出,淡泊明志,尽人皆知。

黄永厚几乎不办画展,不肯出书。一次范曾对他说:“我介绍你去日本办画展吧,不过,你画李白就李白,画杜甫就杜甫,别扯远了。”黄永厚不肯削足适履,终于没去。他常把拿重金前来购画的人拒之门外,“不看画的人,给他画有什么用?”但又可以把画随便塞进一个信封,寄给熟悉的或是陌生的朋友。当前,靠市场确立自身价值的画家比比皆是,他对此不屑一顾。但他认为人各有志,不必非议。他的孤傲中,有一种顽固的自信。

黄永厚的人物画独具一格,他笔下的魏晋人物,长发纷飞,衣裾飘扬,袒胸露腹,粗砺怪诞,一副孤高傲世的架势。了解黄永厚的人都说他画的是自己,刘海粟给他的条幅是“大丈夫不从流俗”。

冰炭同炉,这就是黄永厚。

小题1:下列对文章有关内容的表述,不正确的一项是(  )(3分)

A.黄永厚幼时大病不死、舌舔文庙祭品,与他日后成为画家没有直接联系,但这些记叙增加了文章的可读性。

B.黄永厚认为没必要给不看画的人看画,所以最终没有接受范曾让他前往日本办画展的建议。

C.黄永厚坚信自己创作的价值,但他对现在越来越多的画家靠市场确立自身价值的做法,也不作批评。

D.黄永厚画的历史人物,不论是魏晋还是唐代,均独具一格,不从流俗,不求形似,重在表达自己的情怀。小题2:根据文章内容,概括形成黄永厚独特画风的主要因素。(6分)

小题3:从全文看,黄永厚的“冰炭同炉”具体体现在哪些地方?(6分)

答案

小题1:B

小题2:(6分)①对绘画艺术的毕生追求和热爱,②丰富、传奇、坎坷的人生经历,③涉猎广泛的阅读,④对社会人生的关注与思考,⑤独特的生活态度。

小题3:(6分)①既关注现实、褒贬是非,又淡泊宁静、低调处世;②对懂画的朋友慷慨相赠而把重金购画者拒于门外;③将自己对现实人生的态度借历史人物的孤高傲世表达出来。

小题1:

题目分析:“黄永厚最终没有接受范曾让他前往日本办画展的建议”是因为“他不肯削足适履”。

小题2:

题目分析:解答本题需整体感知全文,抓住关键语句,整合信息。可以从文中第二、三、四段中组织答案。对绘画艺术的热爱;既当过兵,又在大学读过书,后来又颠沛流离,生活经历特殊;他视读书为第一生命,涉猎广泛;多难的人生反而增加了黄永厚对生活的热爱,养成了他独特的生活态度;上了年纪后,更加关注社会人生。

小题3:

题目分析:解答本题需要抓住“冰”、“炭”二字的含义,从两方面回答。可从文中第三、四、五段中组织答案。“冰”,冷若冰霜。如:淡泊宁静、低调处世;把重金购画者拒于门外。他笔下的魏晋人物,长发纷飞,衣裾飘扬,袒胸露腹,粗砺怪诞,一副孤高傲世的架势。了解黄永厚的人都说他画的是自己。“炭”,“热情”似火。如:关注社会人生;对懂画的朋友慷慨相赠。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Kids will often ignore your requests for them to turn off the TV, start their chores (杂事), or do their

homework as a way to avoid following your directions. Before you know it, you've started to sound like

a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments, clean their rooms, or take out the

trash. Rather than saying "Do your chores now." you'll be more effective if you set a target time for when

the chores have to be completed. So instead of arguing about starting chores, just say, "If chores aren't

done by 4 pm, here are the consequences." Then it's up to your child to complete the chores. Put the ball

back in their court. Don't argue or fight with them, just say, "That's the way it's going to be." It shouldn't

be punitive (惩罚性的) as much as it should be persuasive. "If your chores aren't done by 4 pm, then no

video game time until chores are done. And if finishing those chores runs into homework time, that's going

to be your loss." On the other hand, when dealing with homework, keep it very simple. Have a time when

homework starts, and at that time, all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their

homework is done. If your kids say they have no homework, then they should use that time to study or

read. Either way, there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off.

     When a kid wears his iPod or headphones when you're trying to talk to him, make no bones about it;

he is not ignoring you, he is disrespecting you. At that point, everything else should stop until he takes the

earplugs out of his ears. Don't try to communicate with him when he's wearing headphones-even if he tells

you he can hear you. Wearing them while you're talking to him is a sign of disrespect. Parents should be

very tough about this kind of thing. Remember, mutual respect becomes more important as children become

mature.

1. According to the passage, it seldom happens that _____.

A. kids turn a deaf ear to their parents' requests

B. parents' directions sound like a broken record

C. children are ready to follow their parents' directions

D. parents are unaware of what they are repeating to their kids

2. Parents will be able to deal with their children more effective- ly if they _____.

A. avoid direct ways of punishment

B. make them do things at their request

C. argue and fight with their children

D. allow their children to behave in their own way

3. When the kid is doing his homework, parents _____.

A. should provide him with a good learning environment

B. can do whatever they like

C. can stay aside watching TV

D. must switch off the power

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A. parents should take off their child's headphones when trying to have a talk with their child

B. it will make no difference that a kid is wearing his earplugs while talking to his parents

C. parents shouldn't give in to their kid when he shows no sign of respect

D. kids' purposely talking to their parents with iPod gives them a sense of power and control

5. The main idea of the passage is _____.

A. that respecting each other is more important than anything else

B. how kids behave to ignore and disrespect their parents

C. that children should make choices and decisions on their own

D. how parents can deal with their kids' behavior effectively

单项选择题