问题 问答题

如图所示,水平面上固定有平行导轨,磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场方向竖直向下.同种合金做的导体棒ab、cd横截面积之比为2:1,长度和导轨的宽均为L,ab的质量为m,电阻为r,开始时ab、cd都垂直于导轨静止,不计摩擦.给ab一个向右的瞬时冲量I,在以后的运动中,cd的最大速度Vm、最大加速度am、产生的电热各是多少?

答案

给ab冲量后,ab获得速度向右运动,回路中产生感应电流,cd受安培力作用而加速,ab受安培力而减速,当两者速度相等时,都开始做匀速运动,所以开始时cd的加速度最大,最终cd的速度最大,全过程系统动能的损失都转化为电能,电能又转化为内能.

由于ab、cd横截面积之比为2:1,材料和长度相同,所以根据电阻定律得知,它们的电阻之比为1:2,质量之比为2:1.所以cd棒的质量为

1
2
m.

由题,由动量定理得:ab的初速度为v1=

I
m
,两棒组成的系统所受的合外力为0,动量守恒,则有:

mv1=(m+

1
2
m)vm

解得,最后的共同速度为:vm=

2I
3m

开始运动时又有:E=BLv1,I=

E
r+2r
,F=BIL,am=
F
m
2
=
2F
m
,解得:am=
2B2L2I
3m2r

据焦耳定律得知:Q=I2Rt∝R,所以cd上产生的电热应该是回路中产生的全部电热的

2
3

系统统动能的损失为:△Ek=

1
2
m
v21
-
1
2
(m+
1
2
m)
v2m
=
I2
6m

由能量守恒定律可知,系统产生的电热总量为:Q=△Ek=

I2
6m

其中cd上产生电热Qcd=

2
3
Q=
I2
9m

答:在以后的运动中,cd的最大速度Vm、最大加速度am为=

2B2L2I
3m2r
,产生的电热各是
2I
3m
2F
m
I2
9m

填空题
阅读理解
阅读理解。
     In 1896, the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece. Since then many countries
have held Olympics, such as England, France, Germany, Canada, the USA, Spain and Australia. After
more than a century the Games return to the hometown in 2004.
     When people hold the Olympic Games, they always make an emblem (会徽). The emblem of the
Athens Olympic Games in 2004 is a white olive branches in the sky.
     Athens developed a spirit of peace. An officer said, "While in Athens, the world should be at peace."
We hope the peace is not just for a short time. We would like the message from the Athens Games to
help countries come together and solve their problems. In 2008 the Olympic Games have been held in
China. And China has already made a seal as the emblem of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The emblem
has a single Chinese character on a red seal and means "Chinese seal-dancing Beijing". Below it, there
are the words "Beijing 2008". The character in the emblem is "Jing". It means "Capital" of China and it
is also like a runner or a dancer. The running figure (人形) of the emblem shows the spirit of the
Olympics-faster, higher and stronger.
1. What do people always make when they hold the Olympic Games?
[ ]
A.A picture
B.An emblem
C.A flag
D.A map
2. What message does the Olympic Games want to give?
[ ]
A.War
B.Luck
C.Danger
D.Peace
3. How many years passed when Athens again held the Olympic Games?
[ ]
A.100
B.104
C.108
D.112