问题 实验题

如下图所示,在“探究运动和力的关系”的实验中,每次都让小车从斜面顶端处由静止开始滑

下,改变水平面的粗糙程度,测量小车在水平面上滑行的距离,结果记录在下表中。

接触面小车运动的距离s/(单位:cm)
毛巾18.00
棉布26.58
木板 
 

(1)从能量转化角度看,小车每次滑行到斜面底端时具有相同的___能。

(2)若小车在水平木板上滑行3s后停止,位置如上图所示。则小车的平均速度为___m/s。

(3小车在铺有毛巾表面上滑行距离最短,是因为_____________。

(4)在此实验的基础上进行合理的推理,可以得到:一切运动的物体不受外力作用时,它将______

___________。

答案

(1)动;(2)0.21; (3)摩擦力大(或毛巾表面最粗糙);(4)保持匀速直线运动(或保持运动状态不变)

题目分析:(1)小车下滑过程中,不计斜面的摩擦及空气阻力,机械能的总量不变,重力势能转化成动能,由于每次开始时的重力势能都相同,所以到底端时的动能相同;

(2)由图可知,小车在木板上滑行的距离是63.00cm,则小车的速度为:

(3)小车在毛巾表面滑行的距离最短是因为毛巾表面的摩擦力最大;

(4)由三次实验可以看出,平面越光滑,阻力越小,小车运动得越远,速度减小得越慢,由此推理,如果平面绝对光滑,摩擦力为0,即小车不受力的作用,则速度不会减小,将会做匀速直线运动。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

   Trees are useful to men in three important ways: They provide them with wood and other products (产品),

they give them shade (树荫), and they help to prevent drought and floods.

   Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, men have not realized that the third of these services is the most

important. In their eagerness (渴望) to make money from trees, some people have cut trees down in large

numbers, only to find that without them they have lost the best friends they had. And besides (此外), they are

usually too careless to plant and look after new trees, so the forests slowly disappear.

   This doesn't only mean that men will have fewer trees. The results are even more serious: where there are

trees, their roots (根) break up soil-allowing the rain to sink in and also bind (固定) the soil, thus (因而)

preventing it from being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the rain falls carrying away

the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing remains (剩下) but worthless desert.

1. Land becomes desert after all trees arte cut down, because ____. [ ]

A. there is too much rain

B. there are no more trees to keep the rich top-soil from being carried away by floods

C. there is a strong wind

D. roots of trees break up the soil

2. People cut down many trees because ____. [ ]

A. they wanted to get wood from them

B. they wanted to get money from them

C. they didn't realize the importance of them

D. all the above

3. Which of the following is NOT true? [ ]

A. Tree roots can make the top-soil rich and the ground hard.

B. Trees can make the rain sink into the ground.

C. Trees can prevent drought and floods.

D. Tree roots can take away the top-soil

填空题