问题 实验题

“探究加速度与力、质量的关系”的实验装置如图甲所示.

(1)在平衡小车与桌面之间摩擦力的过程中,打出了一条纸带如图乙所示.计时器打点的时间间隔为0.02 s.从比较清晰的点起,每5个点取一个计数点,量出相邻计数点之间的距离.该小车的加速度a=________ m/s2.(结果保留两位有效数字)

(2)平衡摩擦力后,将5个相同的砝码都放在小车上.挂上砝码盘,然后每次从小车上取一个砝码添加到砝码盘中,测量小车的加速度.小车的加速度a与砝码盘中砝码总重力F的实验数据如下表:

砝码盘中砝码总重力F(N)0.1960.3920.5880.7840.980
加速度a(m·s-2)0.691.181.662.182.70
请根据实验数据作出aF的关系图象.

(3)根据提供的实验数据作出的aF图线不通过原点.请说明主要原因.

答案

(1)0.16(0.15也算对)

(2)

(3)未计入砝码盘的重力

题目分析:根据便可算出纸带的加速度为0.16m/s2。在未加砝码时都能测量出加速度,说明砝码盘质量提供了合外力

点评:此类题型考察了打点计时器的使用,牛顿第二定律分析图像问题的能力。

单项选择题 案例分析题
阅读理解

Many years ago,when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver,I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station(加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City,where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款台),I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.

I took off,but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend’s. We chatted on the way into the city,and when I got out of the car,the husband gave me his business card.

I wrote him and his wife a thank­you note for helping me. Soon afterward,I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.

Years later,I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I’d left the lights on all day,and the battery(电池) was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership—a shop selling cars—was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.

“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford?” I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment,so when I got home,I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you,and it meant a lot,he said.

“Thank you” — two powerful words. They’re easy to say and mean so much.

小题1:

The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City________.

A.to visit a friend

B.to see his parents

C.to pay at the cash register

D.to have more gas for his car小题2:

The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean “________”.

A.turned off

B.moved off

C.put up

D.set up小题3:

What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car?

A.He had it pulled back to the gas station.

B.The couple sent him a business card.

C.The couple offered to help him.

D.He called his friend for help.小题4:

The battery of the author’s car was dead because________.

A.something went wrong with the lights

B.the meeting lasted a whole day

C.he forgot to turn off the lights

D.he drove too long a distance小题5:

By telling his own experiences,the author tries to show ________.

A.how to write a thank­you letter

B.how to deal with car problems

C.the kind­heartedness of older people

D.the importance of expressing thanks