问题 问答题 简答题

叙述炉缸炉底烧穿的产生原因、征兆和预防方法?

答案

参考答案:

产生原因:设计不合理,耐材质量低劣,施工不佳;冷却强度不足,水压低、水量少、水质不好、水管结垢;炉况不顺,频繁洗炉(尤其CaF2);原料不好,经常使用含Pb或碱金属高的炉料;冷却器漏水入炉缸;铁口过浅长期,铁口中心线不正,操作维护不当。征兆:炉底、炉缸冷却设备水温差或热流强度超标;冷却壁出水温度突然升高或断水;炉壳发红或炉基裂缝冒煤气;出铁经常见下渣后铁多,或干脆先来下渣后见铁。严重时出铁量较理论出铁量明显减少。

预防方法:

首先炉缸、炉底结构设计合理,要采用优质耐火材料,尤其炭砖质量一定要特别重视。

其次砌筑质量要好,操作上注意下列各点:

尽量不使用含铅或碱金属超过规定的原料,特别是含铅的原料应禁止使用;

生产过程中不轻易洗炉,尤其是水温差偏高的高炉应避免用萤石洗炉;

加强对冷却设备水温差或热流强度管理,超过正常值要及早采取钒钛矿护炉措施;

保持铁口通道位置准确,建立严格管理制度,并定期进行检查;

维持正常的铁口深度,严防铁口连续过浅,按时出净渣铁;

保持足够的冷却强度,水压、水量和水质达到标准,定期清洗冷却设备;

温度或热流强度超标的部位,可以采取堵风口措施;必要时降低顶压和冶炼强度,甚至休风凉炉。

阅读理解

Jenny found her old bicycle at the back of the garage.It was a lot smaller than she remembered.When she sat on it and put her feet on the pedals,her knees nearly touched her chin. She then asked her dad for a new bicycle.

“Well,I’m sorry,but I can’t afford a bicycle now,“said Dad.“Why don’t you work and earn some money? You can save up for a bicycle yourself.”

Jenny began to work.That day she earned five dollars for cutting the grass and ten dollars for mowing the lawn for her dad.

That night Jenny went on the computer.She wrote“Gardening and Housework—Ten dollars an hour.Call Jenny at 23 Roseville Lane.“She decorated the page with pictures of cleaning and gardening equipment.She printed it fifty times.Then she posted the pages through all the doors on her street.

That week,Jenny was very busy! Lots of people had jobs to do,but they didn’t have time to do them.So they called Jenny.Every day,Jenny rushed home from schoo1.She did her homework quickly,and then she went out to work.

At the end of the week.she had$65! She told her father.

“That’s enough for a second hand bicycle.”he said.

“Yes,but if I work for one more week,I might have enough money for a new bike,“said Jenny.“In two more weeks,I could buy a really good bicycle! I think that's what I'll do. I want to have the best bicycle in the class,because I earn it myself!”

Jenny’s dad hugged her.“I think you learned something important.We appreciate things a lot more when we earn them.When we get something without earning it,we do not realize its true value.”

小题1:What was the problem with Jenny’s old bicycle?

A.It was broken.

B.It was too dirty.

C.Jenny didn't like it.

D.It was too small.小题2:Why didn’t Jenny’s dad buy her a bicycle?

A.He wanted to teach her a lesson.

B.He was too busy.

C.He had just bought Jenny a birthday present.

D.He didn’t think it was a good idea.小题3:How much money did Jenny earn on the first day?

A.$10.

B.$5.

C.$65.

D.$15.小题4:How did Jenny tell her neighbors about her new business?

A.She mailed letters to them.

B.She delivered messages by hand.

C.she sent them an email.

D.She talked to all her neighbors.小题5:We can infer from Jenny’s words at the end of the story that she was ___________.

A.pleased because she had learnt a useful lesson

B.grateful to her father for his advice

C.optimistic about making more money

D.disappointed because she couldn’t afford a new bicycle

多项选择题