问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的现代文,完成后面题目阅读(共16分)

老黄牛

伍维平

还没有像往年一样为主人犁完五亩地,老黄牛的一条腿断了。

折腿的事就发生在昨天。①昨天的天气很好,风和日丽。这是个今年开春以来少有的好日子,农夫们不用互相招呼就纷纷踏上仍有些峭寒的田垄,一年的农事在鞭子的抽打声和吆喝声中开始了。老黄牛是一头经验丰富的耕牛,忠心耿耿,勤奋劳作。他像往年一样卖力耕田,但他在时光的打磨中已经很衰老了,拉着一驾犁好像拉着一座大山在走,异常沉重。主人斥责他,他羞愧难当,叹了一口气,一咬牙一使劲,他听到了发自身体内部的一声响,一条腿断了,他知道这意味着什么,这是生命戛然而止的声音。

②暮霭落尽,黑夜升满。老黄牛独自蜷伏在牛栏里,想着自己的心事。他抬起疲惫的头颅,凝视着星空下那片肥沃的黑土,心中充满眷念和回忆。他把自己的爱与恨、乐与苦、血与汗以及生命中的一切都交给了这片土地。日月作证,鲜嫩的青草作证,金黄的果实作证,还有孩子作证。

那是主人家的孩子,胖嘟嘟红扑扑的样子,一个很阳光的男孩。那天中午,小男孩跑到牛栏前,向老黄牛宣读了他的一篇获奖作文:“……我家的这头老黄牛,又高又大,浑身的皮毛是灰褐色的。嘴巴像个簸箕口,眼睛圆鼓鼓的很有神,一对牛角像拉满的弓箭,威武有力。它干起活儿来劲头大,也舍得卖力气。有一天中午,天气热极了,太阳像个火球似的挂在头顶,简直让人喘不过气来,我以为老黄牛一定不干活儿了,就跑到田间去看,它仍然还在拉犁耕田。它身上粘着一块块干泥巴,喘着粗气,双腿踏进没膝深的烂泥中,一步一步拉着犁,没有一点要停下来的样子。”老黄牛记得,那天小男孩给了它一把嫩青草和一个敬礼。

昨天下午,村里的兽医被请来。兽医一边查伤情一边摇头,只是对伤口作了简单的象征性包扎。兽医当着老黄牛的面对主人说,一头废牛,这种牛还能拉犁,真是怪事。主人呐,现在你只有一件事要做,宰掉它,然后卖钱。主人望着老黄牛,目光变得闪烁不定,但老黄牛知道,那里面暗藏着可怕的杀戮凶光。

③夜已三更,天空的星星被风吹得了无踪影,整个村子沉浸在死一般的寂静和黑暗中。倏然间,主人家正屋的灯亮了,磨刀的声音和屠夫特有的浑浊笑声敲碎了夜的寂寥。老黄牛知道大限将至。闭了眼任所有的泪水流尽。老黄牛最后大吼一声,用自己的方式结果了自己。

听到一声闷响,主人急忙领着提了刀的屠夫赶到牛栏。他们看到的只是扭断了脖子扑倒在地的老黄牛和一面粘满了老黄牛鲜血的土墙。

屠夫气愤地骂道,畜生,我这把刀白磨了。

主人却笑了,这畜生倒是挺体贴我呢,要我少花钱。

小题1:下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括,不恰当的两项是(  )(5分)

A.从构思看,小说采取了倒叙的方式。第一段就交待了事件的起因,设置了必要的悬念以吸引读者,也附带交待了老黄牛“以往”的辛劳。

B.“老黄牛”有着善解人意、无私奉献和自尊刚强的品质,更有着对主人无私的忠诚。正是这样的忠诚使它为了不拖累主人而选择了自尽。

C.小男孩宣读获奖作文一节属于插叙,不仅从侧面照应了老黄牛把“生命中的一切都交给了这片土地”,也与下文主人的态度形成了对比。

D.小说叙事平淡而沉静,但读者分明能感受到一丝沉痛,灵魂会随着老黄牛的—头撞死而颤栗,更会因主人庆幸少花钱的高兴嘴脸而悲哀。E.用“兽医”、“屠夫”和“主人”对老黄牛的态度和行为,来表明人类是个冷漠、自私、忘恩负义甚至残忍的群体,正是作者的创作动因。

20.小题2:文中画线处的景物描写分别有怎样的作用?请简要分析。(3分)

答:___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

21.小题3:小说结尾处主人对老黄牛的态度在上文中有多处伏笔,请把它们找出来并作简要说明。(3分)

答:___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

22.小题4:有人认为小说的结局过于消极,并设计了另—种结局——老黄牛在小男孩的保护下得以在主人家尽享天年。你更认可哪一种?请从立意的角度,谈谈你的看法。(5分)

答:____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

答案

小题1:BE 

小题2:①描绘(勾勒)出春天风和日丽的景象,推动了后面农夫们春耕和老黄牛腿断等情节的发展。②表现(勾勒)出了黑夜的寂静和沉重,渲染了孤独和凄凉的气氛,为后面老黄牛的眷念和回忆作了铺垫。③表现出深夜里整个村子的黑暗和阴森,不仅渲染了不安和恐怖的气氛,还推动了后面主人和屠夫合谋杀牛、老黄牛自尽等情节的发展。(每点1分)

小题3:①“鞭子的抽打声和吆喝声”和“主人斥责他”体现了自私的主人对卖力耕田的老黄牛毫不怜惜的冷漠;②“主人望着老黄牛,目光变得闪烁不定”表现出主人在兽医的建议下盘算杀牛卖钱的残忍心理;③“倏然间,主人家正屋的灯亮了”,从侧面表现出主人雇用屠夫要实施杀牛卖钱的冷酷。(必须是表现“主人对老黄牛无情”的伏笔)(每点1分)

小题4:观点一:赞同另一种结局(2分)。另一种结局能够表现出小男孩的纯真和善良(1分),让老黄牛善有善报(1分),有利于表现作者对人性中“真、善、美”的期盼和追求(1分)。

观点二:不同意改结局(2分)。太完美的结局不利于表现小说的批判性(1分),更改结局,就缺少了对自私、冷漠、忘恩负义的人的批判(1分),并会削弱小说的感染力(1分)。

小题1:

题目分析: B项“为了不拖累主人而选择了自尽”的说法错误,应该是老黄牛辛苦一生,主人到头来选择杀死它,它是哀伤、失望而死;E项“人类是……群体”中将一个人的行为归为整个“群体”,以点带面,这种说法过于绝对;文中事件应该是个普遍现象,并不是作者想要揭露人类的劣根性,因此,“创作动因”的说法也于文无据。

小题2:

题目分析:景色描写的作用有:一、交代故事发生的时间、地点,揭示作品的时代背景;二、渲染气氛,烘托人物心情;三、展示人物性格;四、推动情节的发展;五、借景抒情,情景交融;文中有三处景色描写,作答时可一一对应。①处为推动情节发展,②③处为渲染气氛,结合文章,组织语言。

小题3:

题目分析:伏笔是指文学作品前面对后面将要出现的内容预先所作的提示或暗示。文中主人杀牛,体现了主人的自私,无情无义。在文中可以找到相关语句:鞭子的抽打声和吆喝声;主人斥责他;主人望着老黄牛,目光变得闪烁不定;倏然间,主人家正屋的灯亮了。这些都可看做杀牛的伏笔。本题即可算作伏笔,也可算作细节,作答时,仔细寻找。

小题4:

题目分析:作答本题时,首先要有自己的观点,确立自己观点,才是自己下文论述的依据。本文结局看似残忍,实为生活本真,这样写也能突出主人的残忍与自私,使读者心灵震撼;改变结局,较为唯美,孩子劝阻父亲,改变黄牛的命运,说明孩子的善良,也说明人类的“真、善、美”并没有完全泯灭,,同样引起人们的思考。答题模板一般是:观点+主题分析+现实意义。

单项选择题
单项选择题


Passage One

Go Ahead—Cook with It
别怕—就用它来烹饪
It’s grapefruit season. From now through March, the golden orbs are ripe for the picking. And they’re not just for breakfast any more.
Hanging around on trees all about California: grapefruit—heavy with juice, tartly sweet, beguilingly perfumed.Round and yellow as happy faces or suns, they seem to ripe just as the general populace sinks into its annual round of post-holiday dietary self-chastisement.
Coincidence Perhaps. But we say run with it.
Look beyond the obvious salvo of half a grapefruit for breakfast attacked with a jagged spoon and you’ll find a marvelous fruit for peeling and eating out of hanD.There’s nothing like it for inducing simultaneous feelings of gastronomic piety and delight at recapturing a long-lost pleasure. It’s sensual: the aroma of essential oils as they spurt daintily from the pores of the thick skin, the ripping sound of the tenacious segments being pulled apart, the juice dripping down. And it’s delicious.
But don’t stop there. Cook with grapefruit. Use its juice to flavor sauces. Section and scatter it. Bake with it. Candy its peel. Grapefruit is milder and sweeter than lemon, but it can be used in many of the same ways—squeezed on grilled fish, made into a brightly flavored curD.And if you’re looking for gorgeous color, red grapefruit offers extra plate appeal.
The notion that red grapefruit is sweeter than white or yellow grapefruit is, however, a myth, according to citrus specialists. (The story grew out of a marketing campaign by Texas growers. ) Red grapefruits get their color from lycopene, which has health benefits (its an antioxidant)but does not affect flavor.
Sweetness is determined, rather, by the length of time the fruit has been hanging on a tree. A grapefruit picked in December isn’t as sweet as one picked in February, so if you have a tree, just pick fruit as needed.
If not, ask at your farmers market about the different varieties available, all of which have their fans. California reds include the medium-pink Rio Reds from the Caochella Valley and the Star Ruby from Central Valley (and Texas). Yellow Marsh is a familiar yellow variety and the Duncan, while not usually labeled as such in supermarkets, is a reliable white.
For those who don’t like the tartness of a true grapefruit, Oro Blanco—the half-grapefruit, half-acidless pummelo—is sweeter and can be used in salads.
Our salad of jicama strips, thinly sliced snow peas, fresh pea sprouts (available in Asian markets)and red grapefruit sections has an appealing crunch. Its delicately harmonious flavors are pulled together with a faintly sweet dressing of grapefruit juice, tarragon and mint.
The strikingly pink sauce of our baked halibut dish contrasts with the white flesh of the fish for an artful plate—and it’s easy to make. Before baking, marinate the halibut in grapefruit juice with garlic and thyme. Sauce it with a reduction of grapefruit juice combined with blood orange juice, which deepens the color and softens the flavor. Then whisk in bits of cold butter for silkiness.
A rich crust is a perfect foil for the tangy grapefruit curd filling in our pretty tartlets. Both grapefruit juice and lemon juice are used in the curd to focus the flavor; grapefruits zest enlivens the crust. Garnish them with whipped cream and candied grapefruit peel.
For cooking, select heavy fruit, which indicates juiciness. (If you’re making a batch of candied peel, however, lighter fruit will indicate more peel.) Before juicing, roll a grapefruit under your hand on the countertop to help extract the most juice. Avoid lumpy fruit, which may be over-ripe.
And finally, for those whose resolute January superegos care about such things, here’s a reassuring thought: Grapefruit is low in calories (40 to 60 each), high in vitamins C and A, and an excellent source of fiber. It contains no fat, sodium or cholesterol.
So peel away.

The sweetness of the grapefruit is determined by______.

A.lycopene

B.the length of time the fruit is exposed to the sun

C.the length of time the fruit is hanging on a tree

D.the specific nutrient the fruit takes from the soil