问题 填空题

如何降低大气中CO2的含量及有效地开发利用碳资源的研究显得尤为紧迫。

在催化剂作用下,CO2和H2可以制取甲醇和乙醇。如:2CO2(g)+6H2(g)  CH3CH2OH(g)+3H2O(g) 。

(Ⅰ) 在一定压强下,利用CO2反应制取乙醇,测得反应的实验数据如下表。分析表中数据回答下列问题:

500600700800
1.545332012
2.060432815
3.083623722
温度升高,平衡常数K值将       (填“增大”、“减小”、或“不变”)。提高氢碳比[n(H2)/n(CO2)], 平衡常数K值将         (填“增大”、“减小”、或“不变”)。

在600K时反应达到平衡,要使该平衡向右移动,其它条件不变时,可以采取的措施有

        (填序号)。

A.缩小反应器体积  B.通入CO2   C.升高温度到800K   D.使用合适的催化剂

(Ⅱ)某温度下,在体积为l L的密闭容器中充入lmol CO2和4mol H2,测得CO2和CH3OH(g)的浓度随时间变化如图所示。

从反应开始到平衡,甲醇的平均反应速率v(CH3OH)=                       

氢气的平衡浓度为               mol/L。

答案

减小 , 不变 ;  AB; 0.075 mol/(L.min); 1.75

题目分析:(Ⅰ)根据表中数据可知,随着温度的升高,CO2的转化率减小,这说明升高温度平衡向逆反应方向移动,则正反应是放热反应,由此升高温度平衡常数减小。平衡常数只与温度有关系,由此提高氢碳比[n(H2)/n(CO2)], 平衡常数K值不变。根据方程式可知,正反应是体积减小的可逆反应,则缩小容器的体积,增大压强,平衡向正反应方向进行;通入CO2,增大反应物的浓度,平衡向正反应方向进行;升高温度,平衡向逆反应方向进行,催化剂不能改变平衡状态,所以答案选AB。

(Ⅱ)根据图像可知,反应进行到10min时物质的浓度不再发生变化,说明反应达到平衡状态。此时生成甲醇的浓度是0.75mol/L,则从反应开始到平衡,甲醇的平均反应速率v(CH3OH)=0.75mol/L÷10min=0.075 mol/(L·min)。根据方程式CO2(g)+3H2(g) CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)可知,消耗氢气的浓度是0.75mol/L×3=2.25mol/L,则剩余氢气的浓度是4mol/L-2.25mol/L=1.75mol/L。

点评:该题是高考中的常见考点和题型,属于中等难度试题的考查,试题综合性强,侧重对学生能力的培养和解题方法的指导与训练,旨在考查学生灵活运用基础知识解决实际问题的能力,有利于培养学生的逻辑推理能力和发散思维能力,提升学生的学科素养。

阅读理解

 If you are in charge of a project, the key to success is getting everyone to want to help you. As a director, I point, I suggest. I gently push the actors in the direction I want them to go. In the 1986 movie, “Nothing in Common”, Jackie Gleason’s character, Max Basner, gets fired from his job as a clothing salesman. The scene, shot on a boat, shows Max’s despair about being out of work. I was looking for some gesture that would allow Max to show his feelings.

Jackie had far more experience at everything than I did, and at first I was frightened. What could I possibly tell “The Great One” about acting? Finally I decided to direct by suggestion, and sat down with Gleason to talk about the scene. “So Max is sad, right?” I said.

Gleason nodded.

“And he’s probably still carrying his pens with name on them—the ones he used to hand out to his customers, right?”

Gleason nodded.

“So what would you want to do with the pens after you were fired?”

He was silent for a moment. “Why don’t I throw them overboard?”

I stood up and turned up and turned toward the crew. “Hey, everybody, Jackie has a wonderful idea. Let’s shoot it.”

After filming the scene, Gleason called me over and said with a smile. “Garry, what kind of wonderful idea am I going to have tomorrow?”

You and your team can discover the answers to problems together. When there are no prizes or gold stars for who gets the solution first, you’ll all benefit when everything turns out right.

61.According to the writer, to succeed in a project you are in charge of , you should______.

A. make everyone work for you          B. get everyone willing to help 

C. let people know you have the idea     D. keep talking to them

62. “The Great One” in Paragraph 2 refers to______.

A. Gleason     B. the director himself    C. Max   D. Max’s boss

63. After filming the scene, Gleason called the director over and smiled at him. That’s because Gleason________.

A. thought the director gave him a good idea 

B. formed the habit of thinking of ideas while talking

C. was not confident about his acting

D. appreciated the director’s directing skill

64. The most suitable title for the passage is “_______”.

A. Directing a Film              B. The Key to Success

C. A Wonderful Experience        D. Working with Film  

单项选择题