问题 问答题

苯酚是一种重要的化工原料.以苯酚为主要起始原料,经下列反应可制得香料M和高分子化合物N.(部分产物及反应条件已略去) 

(1)由苯酚生成A的化学方程式是______.

(2)已知C的分子式为C5H12O,C能与金属Na反应,C的一氯代物有2种.C的结构简式是______.

(3)B与C反应的化学方程式是______.

(4)生成N的反应类型是______,D的结构简式是______.

(5)以苯酚为基础原料也可以合成防腐剂F.经质谱分析F的相对分子质量为152,其中氧元素的质量分数为31%,F完全燃烧只生成CO2和H2O.则F的分子式是______.

已知:

①芳香族化合物F能与NaHCO3溶液反应,且不能发生水解反应;

②F的核磁共振氢谱显示其分子中含有4种氢原子;

③分子结构中不存在“-O-O-”的连接方式.F的结构简式是______.

答案

苯酚与氢氧化钠反应生成苯酚钠,故A为

,由转化关系可知B为

,C的分子式为C5H12O,C能与金属Na反应,属于饱和一元醇,C的一氯代物有2种,分子中有2种H原子,故C的结构简式是

,B与C发生酯化反应生成M,M为

,苯酚与丙酮反应生成D,D的分子式为C15H16O2,再结合N的结构可知D为

(1)苯酚与氢氧化钠反应生成苯酚钠,故A为

,反应方程式为:

+NaOH→

+H2O,

故答案为:

+NaOH→

+H2O;

(2)由上述分析可知,C的结构简式是

故答案为:

(3)B与C反应的化学方程式是:

+

浓硫酸

+H2O,

故答案为:

+

浓硫酸

+H2O;

(4)生成N的反应类型是缩聚反应,D的结构简式是

故答案为:缩聚反应,

(5)以苯酚为基础原料也可以合成防腐剂F.经质谱分析F的相对分子质量为152,其中氧元素的质量分数为31%,则分子中氧原子数目为

152×31%
16
=3,芳香族化合物F能与NaHCO3溶液反应,且不能发生水解反应,故分子中含有苯环、-COOH,假定为二元取代,则属于基团的相对分子质量为152-76-45=31,且含有1个O原子,完全燃烧只生成CO2和H2O,故剩余基团为-OCH3或-CH2OH,故F的分子式为C8H8O3,F的核磁共振氢谱显示其分子中含有4种氢原子,分子结构中不存在“-O-O-”的连接方式,F的结构简式是

故答案为:C8H8O3

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读表达。

     阅读下面的短文,并根据文章后的题目要求回答1-5小题。

     [1]There are many different types of volunteer (志愿者) options (选择) for teens, and you will no

doubt find more than this article can possibly list. But here are a few ideas to get you started on the path

to being a successful volunteer. 

     [2] Red Cross programs and many blood banks (血库) need teen volunteers. In fact the Red Cross

has an entire Junior Red Cross that is devoted to offering volunteers jobs to teens. You will have the

chance to  help others directly and do various jobs.

     [3] Parks and recreation (休闲,消遣) centers often run camps that are mostly worked by teens. If

you enjoy working with children and you' re considering a career in teaching, look up day camps that

offer these volunteer options to teens. Teens may volunteer for a year or two and then qualify for paid

position as instructors.

     [4] Libraries are always in need of extra hands, especially during summer when more children are at

the library. Volunteers can shelve books, read stories to children, help supervise (管理) sections of a

library, or learn how to check out books for people. If you have ______, you can provide extra help

by working with people to surf the Internet on library computers.

     [5] Animal shelters give teens a chance to have direct contact with animals. You may have to do

some clean-up work for animals, but you also have a chance to decide whether a career working with

them is right for you.

     [6]Lastly, teens who want to volunteer but don't have much time to spend on volunteer activities can

look for one-time activities that can also help. For example, you can volunteer to work at your school or

church's festival or yard sale, which may take up a few hours of one day but won't require a commitment

beyond that.  

1. What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 10 words))

____________________________________    _______________________  

2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.(no more than 2 words)

_______________________________________________________________

3. Complete the following statement with words from paragraph 2 (no more than2 words)

   Volunteers in Red Cross programs can help others directly and do___________

4.  What can teens who want to volunteer but don't have much time to? (no more than 5 words)

________________________________________________________________

5. What does the word "them" (Line 2, Paragraph 5) probably refer to? (no more than 2 words)

________________________________________________________________