问题 填空题

丙烯可用于合成杀除根瘤线虫的农药(分子式为C3H5Br2Cl)和应用广泛的DAP树脂:RCOOR′+R″OH

     △     
.
催化剂
RCOOR″+R′OH.已知酯与醇可发生如下酯交换反应:(R、R′、R″代表烃基)

(1)农药C1H3Br2Cl分子中每个碳原子上均连卤原子.A含有的官能团名称是______;由丙烯生成A的反应类型是______.

(2)A水解可得到D,该水解反应的化学方程式是______.D有多种同分异构体,其氧化产物(分子式为C3H6O2)也有多种同分异构体,现有其中的四种X、Y、Z、W,它们分子中均含甲基,把它们分别进行下列实验以鉴别之,其实验记录如下:

NaOH溶液银氨溶液新制Cu(OH)2金属钠
X中和反应无现象溶  解产生氢气
Y无现象有银镜加热后有红色沉淀产生氢气
Z水解反应有银镜加热后有红色沉淀无现象
W水解反应无现象无现象无现象
则X、Z的结构简式分别为:X______,Z______.

(3)C蒸气密度是相同状态下甲烷密度的6.25倍,C中各元素的质量分数分别为:碳60%,氢8%,氧32%.C的结构简式是______.

(4)下列说法正确的是(选填序号字母)______.

a.C能发生聚合反应、还原反应和氧化反应

b.C含有2个甲基的羧酸类同分异构体有4个

c.D催化加氢的产物与B具有相同的相对分子质量

d.E具有芳香气味,易溶于乙醇

(5)F的分子式为C10H10O4.DAP单体为苯的二元取代物,且两个取代基不处于对位,该单体苯环上的一溴取代物只有两种.D和F反应生成DAP单体的化学方程式是______.

答案

由题意可知A中含有C=C,则丙烯与氯气的反应应为取代反应,A应为CH2=CHCH2Cl,A水解可得到D,

则D应为CH2=CHCH2OH,题中C蒸气密度是相同状态下甲烷密度的6.25倍,相对分子质量为16×6.25=100,C中各元素的质量分数分别为:碳60%,氢8%,氧32%,则分子中N(C)=

100×60%
12
=5,N(H)=
100×8%
1
=8,N(O)=
100×32%
16
=2,则C的分子式为C5H8O2,C能发生酯交换,应为酯,则C应为CH3COOCH2CH=CH2,E为CH3COOCH3,H为CH3COONa,

B为CH3COOH,

(1)由以上分析可知A为CH2=CHCH2Cl,含有碳碳双键、氯原子官能团,由丙烯生成A的反应类型是取代,

故答案为:碳碳双键、氯原子;取代;

(2)A水解可得到D,则D应为CH2=CHCH2OH,其氧化产物(分子式为C3H6O2)也有多种同分异构体,其中X能发生中和反应,说明呈酸性,含有-COOH,应为CH3CH2COOH,Z能发生银镜反应和水解反应,说明应为甲酸酯类物质,

应为CH3CH2OOCH,故答案为:CH3CH2COOH;CH3CH2OOCH;

(3)C蒸气密度是相同状态下甲烷密度的6.25倍,相对分子质量为16×6.25=100,C中各元素的质量分数分别为:碳60%,氢8%,氧32%,则分子中N(C)=

100×60%
12
=5,N(H)=
100×8%
1
=8,N(O)=
100×32%
16
=2,

则C的分子式为C5H8O2,C能发生酯交换,应为酯,则C应为CH3COOCH2CH=CH2,故答案为:CH3COOCH2CH=CH2

(4)a.C为CH3COOCH2CH=CH2,可发生聚合反应、还原反应和氧化反应,故a正确;

b.C含有2个甲基的羧酸类同分异构体有CH3C(CH3)=CH2COOH、CH3CH=C(CH3)COOH2种,故b错误;

c.D为CH2=CHCH2OH,加成产物为CH3CH2CH2OH,相对分子质量为60,B为CH3COOH,相对分子质量为60,故c正确;

d.E为CH3COOCH3,具有芳香气味,易溶于乙醇,故d正确.

故答案为:a c d;

(5)F的分子式为C10H10O4.DAP单体为苯的二元取代物,且两个取代基不处于对位,该单体苯环上的一溴取代物只有两种,应位于临位,D为CH2=CHCH2OH,则F为

,反应生成DAP单体的化学方程式是

故答案为:

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
阅读理解

The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS) finds that women gardeners’ voices speed up the growth of tomato plants much more than men’s.

In an experiment, the researchers found that tomato plants grew up to two inches taller if they were sung to by a female rather than a male.

The most effective voice came from Sarah Darwin, whose great-great grandfather was the botanist(植物学家) Charles Darwin, one of the founding fathers of the RHS.

She read a passage from the On the Origin of Species and beat nine other ‘voices’. Her plant grew nearly two inches taller than the best performing male and half an inch higher than her nearest competitor.

Colin Crosbie, Garden Manager at the RHS, said, “We predicted that the male voice would be more effective but it turned out that the ladies’ voice was far better than the gentlemen’s. We just don’t know why. It could be because they have a greater range of pitch(高音) and tone(音色) that affects the sound waves that hit the plant.The sound wave is on environmental effect just like rain or light.”

In the experiment, every plant was played a different voice through earphones connected to the plant pot, and the environmental conditions for all the plants remained the same throughout the experiment. To ensure that the results of the experiment were convincing, two plants were also left to grow in silence.

The results showed that women on average saw their plants grow an inch taller than their male counterparts(对手) and much more than the plants left in complete silence.

Miss Darwin said, “I’m not sure if it’s my sweet tones or the text that I read from On the Origin of Species that made the plant sit up and listen, but either way, I think it is an honor to have such a voice, and it is especially fitting for me, because for years I have been studying wild tomatoes at the Natural History Museum(NHM) in London.”

 60. How many tomato plants were chosen for this experiment?

    A. 9.       B. 10.            C. 11.    D.12.

 61. What can we learn about Sarah Darwin?

    A.She is very proud of her sweet voice..       

B. She is one of the founding fathers of the RHS.

    C. She has discovered why her voice benefits plants.

    D. She will work at the NHM in London after the experiment.

 62. Why were two plants left to grow in silence in the experiment?

    A. To make the results of the experiment trustworthy.

    B. To convince people that sound waves are better than rain and light.

    C. To help find out how many inches plants can grow with the help of voices.

    D. To prove that the environmental conditions for the plants remained the same.

 63. What can be inferred from the passage?

    A. The text from On the Origin of Species can help plants grow..    

    B. Sarah’s nearest competitor was also a woman..

    C.Men’s voices have a greater range of pitch and tone than women’s..

    D.Colin Crosbie predicted that women’s voices were better for the plant than men’s.