问题 问答题

烯烃中碳碳双键是重要的官能团,在不同条件下能发生多种变化.

已知①烯烃在催化剂作用下的复分解反应就是两种烯烃交换双键两端的基团,生成两种新烯烃的反应.

②烯烃与酸性高锰酸钾溶液反应的氧化产物有如下的对应关系:

上述转化关系图中的物质:A和B都属于烃类,F是安息香酸,其蒸气密度是同温同压下H2密度的61倍,将0.61g F完全燃烧,产物通入足量的澄清石灰水中,产生3.5g沉淀.

根据以上信息回答下列问题:

(1)B的产量可以用来衡量一个国家石油化工发展的水平,B的名称是______.

(2)E的同体可用于人工降雨,E的电子式是______.

(3)H→I的反应类型是______.

(4)L在一定条件下也可以生成一种高分子化合物W0 W可以作为手术的缝合线,其优点之一就是免拆线可被人体吸收.用W制成的塑料饭盒可降解,是环境友好材料.写出由L制W的化学方程式:______.

(5)A的结构简式为:______(任写一个).

(6)K物质的核磁共振氢谱图上有______个吸收峰.

(7)若将NaOH溶于I后再与H混合加热,反应生成的有机产物最多有______种,写出住意两种物质的结构简式(同一个碳原子上连有两个碳碳双键的结构不稳定,可不考虑)______、______.

答案

L在浓硫酸条件下反应生成

,故L发生酯化反应,L为CH3CH(OH)COOH,D为烯烃,与溴发生加成反应生成H,H水解生成I,H催化氧化生成J,J与银氨溶液反应生成K,K与氢气发生加成反应生成L,故K为

,J为

,I为CH3CH(OH)CH2OH,H为CH3CHBrCH2Br,D为CH3CH=CH2

C为烯烃,发生反应信息反应,被酸性高锰酸钾氧化生成E、F,E可用于人工降雨,故E为CO2,结合F能与碳酸氢钠反应生成二氧化碳,故F为羧酸,F蒸气密度是同温同压下H2密度的61倍,摩尔质量为122g/mol,0.61gF的物质的量为

0.61g
122g/mol
=0.005mol,完全燃烧,产物通入足量的澄清石灰水中,产生3.5g碳酸钙沉淀,碳酸钙的物质的量为
3.5g
100g/mol
=0.035mol,故F中含有碳原子数目为
0.035mol
0.005mo
=7,结合反应信息可知,F中含有1个-COOH,故含有H原子数目为
122-12×7-16×2
1
=6,故分子式为C7H6O2,不饱和度为7,应含有苯环,故F为

,故C为

.B的产量可以用来衡量一个国家石油化工发展的水平,B为CH2=CH2,B与A发生生成C与CH3CH=CH2,由反应信息烯烃的复分解反应可知,A为

(1)由上述分析可知,B为乙烯,故答案为:乙烯;

(2)E是二氧化碳,的电子式是

,故答案为:

(3)H→I是CH3CHBrCH2Br发生水解反应生成CH3CH(OH)CH2OH,故答案为:水解反应;

(4)由CH3CH(OH)COOH通过酯化反应进行的缩聚反应反应生成高聚物W,反应方程式为:

nCH3CH(OH)COOH

一定条件

+(n-1)H2O,

故答案为:nCH3CH(OH)COOH

一定条件

+(n-1)H2O;

(5)由上述分析可知,A为:

,故为

故答案为:

(6)K为

,分子中含有2中H原子,核磁共振氢谱图上有2个吸收峰,故答案为:2;

(7)若将NaOH溶于CH3CH(OH)CH2OH后再与CH3CHBrCH2Br混合加热,CH3CHBrCH2Br发生消去反应,(同一个碳原子上连有两个碳碳双键的结构不稳定,可不考虑),故可能结构为

故答案为:5,CH3CBr=CH2、CH3-C≡CH等.

阅读理解与欣赏

  赵良淳字景程,居饶之余干,太宗子恭宪王之后,丞相汝愚曾孙也。累世以学行名,号贤宗子。良淳少学于其乡先生饶鲁,知立身大节。及仕,所至以干治称,而未尝干人荐举。初以荫为泰宁主簿,三迁至淮西运辖,浮湛冗官二十余年。马光祖、李伯玉、范丁孙交荐辟之,卒不振拔。考举及格,改知分宁县。分宁,江西剧邑,俗尚哗讦,良淳治之,不用刑戮,不任吏胥,取民之敦孝者,身亲尊礼之,至甚杰骜者,乃绳以法,俗为少革。

  成淳末,廷臣议众建宗室于内郡,以为屏翰,遂除良淳知安吉州。先是,知州李庚遁,百事隳废,良淳至,日与僚吏论所以守御之备,悉举行之。时岁饥,民相聚为盗,所在蜂起。或请以兵击之,良淳曰:“民岂乐为盗哉?时艰岁旱,故相率剽掠苟活耳。”命僚属以义谕之,众皆投兵散归,其不归者众缚以献。有掠人货财诣其主谢过而还之者。良淳劝富人出粟振之,尝语人曰:“使太守身可以济民,亦所不惜也。”其言恳恳,足以动人,人皆倒囷以应之。朝议寻以徐道隆为浙西提刑,以辅良淳,加良淳直秘阁。

  文天祥去平江,溃兵四出剽掠,良淳捕斩数人,枭首市中,兵稍戢。已而范文虎遣使持书招降,良淳焚书斩其使。大兵迫独松关,有旨趣道降入卫。道降既去,大兵至,军其东西门。良淳率众城守,夜就茇舍陴上,不归。

  先是,朝廷遣将昊国定援宜兴,宜兴已危,不敢往,乃如安吉见良淳,愿留以为辅。良淳见国定慷慨大言,意其可用也,请于朝,留戍安吉。已而国定开南门纳外兵,兵入城呼曰:“众散,元帅不杀汝。”于是众号泣散去。良淳命车归府,兵士止之曰:“事至此,侍郎当为自全计。”良淳叱去之。命家人出避,乃闭闽自经。有兵士解救之,复苏,众罗拜泣曰:“侍郎何自苦?逃之犹可求生。”良淳叱曰:“我岂逃生者邪?”众犹环守不去,良淳大呼曰:“尔辈欲为乱邪?”众涕泣出,复投缳而死。(选自《宋史·列传第二百一十》,有删改)

1.对下列句子中加粗的词的解释,不正确的一项是(     )

A.俗哗讦——尚:喜欢

B.亲尊礼之——身:亲自

C.有旨道隆入卫——趣:催促

D.乃安吉见良淳——如:同

2.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是(     )

A.及仕,所至干治称——人皆倒困应之

B.不归者众缚以献——意可用也

C.俗少革——时岁饥,民相聚

D.至甚杰骜者,绳以法——如安吉见良淳

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(     )

A.赵良淳从小跟从老师学习,懂得立身的大节,他从来没有求别人举荐他,虽然也得到过马光祖等人的大力举荐,但是没有得到提拔。

B.无论是治理分宁县,还是治理安吉县,赵良淳都曾将一些特别桀骜不驯的人绳之以法,坏的习俗被革除了一些。

C.面对荒年与百业凋敝,赵良淳力劝富人拿出粮食来赈济安吉的老百姓,由于他态度诚恳,人们纷纷拿出谷仓中的粮食来响应他。

D.由于轻信吴国定,安吉失守,在元兵已经进城的情形下,赵良淳还坚持驱车回府,安排家人出去躲避后,自己自杀身亡,以身殉国。

4.把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)民岂乐为盗哉?时艰岁旱,故相率剽掠苟活耳。

译文:____________________________________________

(2)良淳劝富人出粟振之,尝语人曰:“使太守身可以济民,亦所不惜也。”

译文:____________________________________________

(3)良淳捕斩数人,枭首市中,兵稍戢。

译文:____________________________________________

阅读理解

For many young people, the dream of a lifetime is to travel the world, explore different cultures and landscapes, taste new foods and flavors, and listen to the distinctive sounds of international music and languages.

Unfortunately, few young people have the money or freedom to make this dream come true. But if you can't go out into the world, surely second best is to let the world come to you. And, this year's Shanghai World Expo is exactly where that's happening.

From May 1 to October 31, there will be 194 countries and 50 international organizations on display at the 5-square-km Expo site. Seventy million domestic and international visitors are expected to visit it by the end of October. So, if you can go, you'll be surrounded by people with a wide range of backgrounds, nations, and cultures.

The Expo's theme is "Better City, Better Life". The United Nations estimates that, this year, 55 of the world's people will live in urban settings. This poses a dilemma (困境) for the world's cities: How can they accommodate such a large number of people in a sustainable (可持续的) way? Can they remain places of natural beauty and cultural importance?

Well, that's the challenge the 2010 Expo participants are confronting in a variety of ways. Japan will show off an "eco-breathing" structure to power its building with natural energy like sunlight, rainwater and wind. Germany's pavilion is named "Balancity", which is described as a "balance between innovation (创新) and nature, society and its individuals, work and recreation" (娱乐)

The first themed Expo was held in 1933, and since that time World Expos have featured a participatory and interactive style. The Shanghai Expo is no exception. Young people will have the opportunity to take part in forums to discuss themes like new technology, green energy and conservation.

A trip to the Expo is guaranteed to be much less expensive than a trip around the world. Still, the costs can add up. However, young people can save money by purchasing group or student tickets, which may be available at reduced rates. Many of the participating pavilions offer free samples and treats for the visitors. In addition to handing out free chocolates, the Belgian pavilion will give away a free diamond each week to a visitor who can answer questions related to Belgium.

If you're planning to head to the Shanghai Expo between May and October, don't forget to bring a camera, a notebook, and an open mind (and comfortable shoes). For nearly six months, representatives of the world are coming together to share their best and latest ideas for the future. It's sure to be a memorable experience.

From: http://www.hxen.com/englisharticle./yingyuyuedu/2010-02-09/101092.html

1. Which statement is true according to the passage?

A. You can pay a visit to the Shanghai World Expo at the beginning of this November

B. You can save money by buying student tickets.

C. Whoever comes to the Belgian pavilion will be given a free diamond.

D. How to protest the animals is the theme of the Shanghai World EXPO

2. What dilemma do you think the cities are confronting (面对) now according to the fourth paragraph?

A. How to avoid traffic jams                     B. How to reduce air pollution

C. How to live peacefully with animals          D. How to live harmoniously with nature

3. What's the purpose of the writing the passage?

A. To introduce how to get to the Shanghai World Expo

B. To recommend what to see in the Shanghai World Expo

C. To tell us some information about the Shanghai world Expo.

D. To tell us the history about the World Expo.

4. Where do you think you will probably read this article?

A. In a newspaper      B. On a website         C. In a magazine      D. In a textbook