问题 单项选择题

地西泮的作用机制是()

A.不通过受体,直接抑制中枢

B.作用于苯二氮卓类受体,增加GABA与GABA受体的亲和力

C.作用于GABA受体,增强体内抑制性递质的作用

D.诱导生成一种新蛋白质而起作用

E.以上都不是

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

题解:地西泮(安定)激动苯二氮卓类受体,增强GABA的作用。其作用为1.抗焦虑作用 小剂量有明显的抗焦虑作用。2.镇静催眠对快动眼睡眠时相影响小,停药后反跳现象轻;连续用药依赖性轻;治疗指数高;对肝药酶无诱导作用。3.中枢性肌肉松弛作用。4.抗惊厥抗癫痫作用。地西泮为各种原因焦虑症、各种原因失眠症,尤其是焦虑失眠的首选药,还可用于麻醉前给药,使病人镇静,缓解对手术的恐惧,减少麻醉药的用量。另外静注地西泮是治疗癫痫持续状态的首选药。

填空题
单项选择题

Low levels of literacy and numeracy have a damaging impact on almost every aspect of adults, according to a survey published yesterday, which offers (1) of a developing underclass. Tests and (2) with hundreds of people born in a week in 1958 graphically illustrated the (3) of educational underachievement. The effects can be seen in unemployment, family (4) , low incomes, depression and social inactivity.

Those who left school at 16 with poor basic skills had been employed for up to four years less than good readers (5) they reached 37. Professor John Bynner, of City University, who carried the research, said that today’s (6) teenagers would even encounter greater problems because the supply of (7) jobs had shrunk.

Almost one fifth of the 1,700 people interviewed for yesterday’s report had poor literacy and almost half (8) with innumeracy, a proportion (9) other surveys for the Basic Skills Agency. Some could not read a child’s book, and most found difficult (10) written instruction.

Poor readers were twice as likely to be a low wage and four times likely to live in a household where partners worked. Women in this (11) were five times as likely to be (12) depressed, (13) both tended to feel they had no control over their lives, and to trust others (14) .

Those who had low literacy and numeracy were seldom (15) in any community organization and less likely than others to (16) in a general election. There had been no (17) in the literary level of (18) reporting problems.

Alan Wells, the agency’s director, said: “ The results emphasize the dangers of developing an underclass people, who were out of work, (19) depressed and often labeled themselves as (20) . There is a circle of marginalization, with the dice against these people and their families.”

13()

A.and

B.while

C.for

D.but