问题 问答题

Ⅰ.乙基香草醛()是食品添加剂的增香原料,其香味比香草醛更加浓郁.

写出乙基香草醛分子中两种含氧官能团的名称______.

Ⅱ.乙基香草醛的同分异构体A是一种有机酸,A可发生以下变化:

提示:①RCH2OH

CuO2/H2SO4
RCHO;

②与苯环直接相连的碳原子上有氢时,此碳原子才可被酸性KMnO4溶液氧化为羧基.

(1)由A→C的反应属于______(填反应类型).写出A的结构简式______.

(2)乙基香草醛的另一种同分异构体D()是一种医药中间体,用茴香醛()经两步反应合成D,请写出第②步反应的化学方程式(其他原料自选,并注明必要的反应条件).

②______.

(3)乙基香草醛的同分异构体有很多种,满足下列条件的同分异构体有______种,其中有一种同分异构体的核磁共振氢谱中出现4组峰,吸收峰的面积之比为1:1:2:6,该同分异构体的结构简式为______.

①能与NaHCO3溶液反应 ②遇FeCl3溶液显紫色,且能与浓溴水反应

③苯环上有两个烃基④苯环上的官能团处于对位

(4)现有溴、浓硫酸和其它无机试剂,实现转化为,其合成线路如下:写(Ⅱ)(Ⅲ)两步反应的化学方程式:

(Ⅱ)______;

(Ⅲ)______.

答案

Ⅰ、乙基香草醛中的含氧官能团有:醛基、羟基、醚键三种,任写两种即可,故答案为:醛基; 羟基;

Ⅱ(1)根据信息:RCH2OH

CuO2/H2SO4
RCHO,B能发生银镜反应,所以B中含有醛基,所以A中含有-CH2OH结构,A可以被氧化为苯甲酸,说明与苯环直接相连的碳原子上有氢,且苯环的侧链只一个,A中含有三个氧原子,羟基占一个,所以还含有羧基,故A的结构简式为:

,其中-OH能和HBr发生取代反应,故答案为:取代反应;

(2)由D的结构简式和反应①可知,②为酯化反应,

故答案为:

(3)乙基香草醛除苯环外,还有3个C原子,3个O原子,4个H原子,条件①说明有羧基,条件②说明有酚羟基且酚羟基的临位和对位必须有空位,条件④说明羧基和酚羟基在对位,则剩余两个甲基不能都在酚羟基的临位,可见其同分异构体有:三种,其中核磁共振氢谱中出现4组峰,吸收峰的面积之比为1:1:2:6的,只有符合,

故答案为:3;

(4)从合成路线可见,(Ⅱ)是卤代烃的水解,方程式为,(Ⅲ)为醇的催化氧化,与羟基相连的C上没有H原子的羟基不能被氧化,结合最后生成的有羧基,可见羟基被氧化成羧基,方程式为:

故答案为:

完形填空
完形填空。
     For many American and British teenagers, the gift-giving season comes twice a year: on birthdays and at
Christmas every December 25. On these days, young people can   1   lots of gifts wrapped (包装) in
bright-colored paper.
     In recent years the most   2   gifts have been iPods and Mp3 players, digital cameras and video games. When
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to be the first ones to enter the store when it opened in the morning   4   they could buy the Wii before it was sold
out!
     Most teens don't have the   5   to buy fancy electronic gifts for their friends. Luckily, expensive gifts aren't
  6  . Teens often give   7   books, CDs, DVDs and candy.
     Hand-made gifts are   8   popular because they are more personal and one-of-a-kind. Gift-givers can save
money by making something   9  , and it is a good opportunity (机会) to be creative. People like to receive
hand-made gifts because they know that the givers put time and effort  10   them. If you can't think of the perfect
gift to give, a box of chocolates will almost always do the trick!
( ) 1. A. expect   
( ) 2. A. personal  
( ) 3. A. went out  
( ) 4. A. even if  
( ) 5. A. time    
( ) 6. A. necessary 
( ) 7. A. the other 
( ) 8. A. never   
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( ) 10. A. into    
B. imagine   
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D. to         
单项选择题