问题 问答题

已知物质A显酸性,F为七原子组成的环状结构,请根据以下框图回答问题:

(1)A、H的结构简式为______、______.

(2)a、b的反应类型分别为______、______.

(3)写出C的同分异构体中属于酯类物质的结构简式______、______(任写2种).

(4)由B生成D的化学方程式______.

(5)由G生成H的化学方程式______.

答案

A的分子式为C3H4O2,物质A显酸性,故A中含有-COOH,A的不饱和度为

2×3+2-4
2
=2,故A分子中还含有C=C双键,故A的结构简式为CH2=CHCOOH,D可以被氧化生成G,G可以与银氨溶液发生反应,故G中含有醛基-CHO,故D中含有-OH,且-OH连接的C原子上含有2个H原子,根据转化关系可知,B为BrCH2CH2COOH,D为HOCH2CH2COOH,G为OHCH2CH2COOH,H为NH4OOCCH2COONH4,A与HBr发生加成反应生成C,C为CH3CH2BrCOOH,C水解并酸化生成E,E为CH3CH2(OH)COOH,F为七原子组成的环状结构,E与D发生酯化反应生成F,F结构简式为

(1)由上述分析可知,A为CH2=CHCOOH,H为NH4OOCCH2COONH4

故答案为:CH2=CHCOOH,NH4OOCCH2COONH4

(2)反应a是CH2=CHCOOH与HBr发生加成反应,

反应b是E为CH3CH2(OH)COOH与HOCH2CH2COOH发生酯化反应生成

故答案为:加成反应,酯化反应;

(3)CH3CH2BrCOOH的同分异构体中属于酯类物质的结构简式有:HCOOCH2CH2Br、HCOOCHBrCH3,、BrCH2COOCH3、CH3COOCH2Br,

故答案为:HCOOCH2CH2Br、HCOOCHBrCH3等;

(4)由B生成D的化学方程式为:BrCH2CH2COOH+2NaOH

HOCH2CH2COONa+NaBr+H2O,

HOCH2CH2COO-+H+→HOCH2CH2COOH,

故答案为:BrCH2CH2COOH+2NaOH

HOCH2CH2COONa+NaBr+H2O,HOCH2CH2COO-+H+→HOCH2CH2COOH;

 (5)由G生成H的化学方程式为OHCCH2COOH+2Ag(NH32OH

H4NOOCCH2COONH4+2Ag↓+2NH3+H2O,

故答案为:OHCCH2COOH+2Ag(NH32OH

H4NOOCCH2COONH4+2Ag↓+2NH3+H2O.

阅读理解

Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds (灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

Greyhounds can live for 12 – 14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.

Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim (苗条的) they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold, especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.    

小题1:The text is written mainly______.

A.to tell people how to raise greyhounds

B.to let people know more about greyhounds

C.to explain why greyhounds are aggressive

D.to describe greyhounds of different colors小题2:It can be inferred that greyhounds_______.

A.love big doghouses

B.like staying in bed all day

C.make the best guard dogs

D.need some exercise outdoors小题3:Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

A.They are big in size.

B.They live a very long life.

C.They can run races for some time.

D.They are quiet and easy to look after.小题4:If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important________.

A.to keep it slim

B.to keep it warm

C.to take special care of its legs

D.to take it to animal doctors regularly

单项选择题