问题 问答题

如图所示,两根足够长的直金属导轨MN、PQ平行放置在倾角为θ的绝缘斜面上,两导轨间距为L.M、P两点间接有阻值为R的电阻.一根质量为m的均匀直金属杆ab放在两导轨上,并与导轨垂直.整套装置处于匀强磁场中,磁场方向垂直于斜面向上.导轨和金属杆的电阻可忽路.让金属杆ab沿导轨由静止开始下滑,经过足够长的时间后,金属杆达到最大速度vm,在这个过程中,电阻R上产生的热量为Q.导轨和金属杆接触良好,它们之间的动摩擦因数为μ且μ<tanθ.已知重力加速度为g.

(1)求磁感应强度的大小;

(2)金属杆在加速下滑过程中,当速度达到v1(v1<vm)时,求此时杆的加速度大小;

(3)求金属杆从静止开始至达到最大速度的过程中下降的高度.

答案

(1)当ab匀速运动时,金属杆的受力图如图所示(从前向后看的视图):图中Ff为滑动摩擦力,FN为斜面支持力,F为感应电流的安培力,mg为导体棒的重力.这时导体棒匀速直线运动,其所受的合力为零,则有:

  mgsinθ=Ff+F

  FN=mgcosθ,

由滑动摩擦力公式:Ff=μFN

由安培力公式F=BIL,由欧姆定律I=

E
R
,由法拉第电磁感应定律得E=BLvm,得F=
B2L2vm
R

解得:B=

mgR(sinθ-μcosθ)
L2vm

(2)当导体棒的速度为v1时,由牛顿第二定律得:mgsinθ-μmgcosθ-BI'L=ma,

其中I'为速度时v1时导体棒中的感应电流,I'=

BLv1
R

代入上式解得加速度  a=g(sinθ-μcosθ)(1-

v1
vm
)

(3)由能量守恒知,导体棒减少的重力势能,转化为动能、内能和电能,电能通过电阻R又转化为热量.所以满足:

 mgh=

1
2
m
v2m
+W′+Q,其中W'为克服摩擦力做的功,

W′=μFN?

h
sinθ
,FN=mgcosθ,

解得金属棒下降的高度为  h=

m
v2m
+2Q
mg(1-μcotθ)

答:

(1)磁感应强度的大小为

mgR(sinθ-μcosθ)
L2vm

(2)金属杆在加速下滑过程中,当速度达到v1(v1<vm)时,此时杆的加速度大小为g(sinθ-μcosθ)(1-

v1
vm
);

(3)金属杆从静止开始至达到最大速度的过程中下降的高度为

m
v2m
+2Q
mg(1-μcotθ)

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题

Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It (1) its attention upon those. physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which (2) one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.

The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies (3) our own. For its purposes any social (4) of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own. To the anthropologist our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for (5) a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is (6) to avoid any weighting of one (7) the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition (8) He is interested in a wide (9) of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and (10) , the different forms through which they express themselves and the (11) in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the (12) .

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a (13) of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely (14) of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. (15) , it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than (16) any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather (17) aspect of the matter. The fact (18) first rate importance is the predominant role that custom (19) in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may (20)

7()

A. in favor of

B. instead of

C. rather than

D. in contrast with