问题 综合

读图,分析回答下列问题。

小题1:左图和右图中分别有世界上著名的传统工业区,它们共同区位优势是________资源和水资源丰富、__________________、_______________。

小题2:20世纪60年代以后,这两个地区都进入了区域发展的________阶段,区域内资源短缺、________________、土地和劳动力成本偏高。区域面临着_______________、人口减少等严重的社会问题。

小题3:面对困境,两地都采取了发展科技、改善交通条件和_______________等措施,使得区域投资环境和人居环境得到了很大改善,推动了区域经济和社会的可持续发展。两地区产业结构调整的具体内容有:①______________,②大力发展____________和高新技术产业,③重视_________产业的发展。

答案

小题1:煤炭、水陆交通发达、市场广阔。

小题2:转型 环境污染严重 高失业率。

小题3:治理环境污染 利用新技术改造传统工业部门 新兴工业 第三。

题目分析:

小题1:左图为美国东北部工业区;右图为鲁尔工业区,它们共同区位优势是煤炭资源和水资源丰富、水陆交通发达、市场广阔。

小题2:20世纪60年代以后,这两个地区都进入了区域发展的转型阶段,区域内资源短缺、环境污染严重、土地和劳动力成本偏高。区域面临着高失业率、人口减少等严重的社会问题。

小题3:面对困境,两地都采取了发展科技、改善交通条件和治理环境污染等措施,使得区域投资环境和人居环境得到了很大改善,推动了区域经济和社会的可持续发展。两地区产业结构调整的具体内容有:①利用新技术改造传统工业部门,②大力发展新兴工业和高新技术产业,③重视第三产业的发展。

点评:回答本题需要结合鲁尔区的发展。

(1)鲁尔区发展的区位条件:

区位因素特点对工业发展的影响
位置德国西部、莱茵河下游与鲁尔河与利珀河之间地处欧洲的十字路口,东西欧必经之路、北欧通往中欧、南欧的捷径
交通莱茵河纵贯南北;铁路、公路密布水陆交通发达,便于区内和区外联系
 

煤炭储量大,品种多,煤质好、埋藏较深丰富的煤炭资源是鲁尔区煤炭工业、钢铁工业和电力工业发展的基础
铁矿离法国洛林铁矿较近
水源莱茵河、鲁尔河、利珀河水量充沛充沛的水源与煤炭资源相结合,促进了鲁尔区化学工业的发展
(2)鲁尔区的环境恶化

项目内容
原因①能源结构以煤炭为主,产业结构以重化工业为主

②经济发展迅速,环境问题随之而来

 

固体废弃物污染矿山开发以煤渣、矿渣堆积,占用大量土地
大气污染 工厂向空气排放大量废气;   
水污染化工厂和炼钢厂排放污水污染了河流。
热污染热力发电产生大量废热。
危害各种污染对鲁尔区的生态环境造成了巨大危害。
 

(3)传统产业的衰落

项目内容
时间20世纪50年代末至60年代初,煤炭、钢铁工业衰落;70年代,传统工业衰落趋势已经十分明显
衰落原因 

煤炭工业

开采深度加大,人工成本过高,进口原料更便宜
石油、核能利用,能源消费结构的变化,煤炭需求量减少
钢铁工业煤炭成本上升,提高了钢铁工业的成本。
产钢、出口钢的国家增多,钢铁的替代品广泛使用,导致世界性钢铁过剩
其他工业主导产业煤炭、钢铁工业衰落导致机械、电力、化工等产业衰落。
表现从业人员减少,工人失业问题严重,钢铁生产向欧洲以外的子公司转移,产量下降

选择题
阅读理解

A few years ago I had an “aha!” moment regarding handwriting.

I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting,and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year,maybe two,and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.

It was a very important event in the computerization of life—a sign that the informal. Friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters,and we recognized one another's handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.

As a child visiting my father’s office,1 was pleased to recognize,in little notes on the desks of his staff,the same handwriting 1 would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge—except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of “RFW”.

All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The Rise and Fall of Handwriting,a book by Florey. Sire shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well,but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.

I don’t buy it.

I don’t want to see anyone cut off from the expressive,personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer,part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.

What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th-century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand—as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However,they have worked in many school systems.

51. Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting?

A. He had worked with his colleague long enough.

B. His colleague’s handwriting was SO beautiful.

C. His colleague’s handwriting was SO terrible.

D. He still had a 1ot of Work to do.

52. People working together in an office used to ____________.

A. talk more about handwriting

B. take more notes on workdays

C. know better one another's handwriting

D. communicate better with one another

53. The author’s father wrote notes in pen _________.

A. to both his family and his staff

B. to his family in small letters

C. to his family on the fridge

D. to his staff on the desk

54. According to the author,handwritten notes _______.

A. are harder to teach in schools

B. attract more attention

C. are used only between friends

D. carry more message

55. We can learn from the passage that the author __________.

A. thinks it impossible to teach handwriting

B. does not want to lose handwriting

C. puts the blame on the computer

D. does not agree with Florey