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问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

有关胃癌外科治疗，下列选项错误的是（）。

A.Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌以根治性切除为主

B.Ⅲ期胃癌争取根治性切除

C.Ⅲ期胃癌争取根治性切除，术后化疗

D.Ⅳ期胃癌应列为手术禁忌

E.腹部触及肿块仍可争取手术切除

答案

参考答案：D

解析：胃癌的手术治疗：除确有远处转移或恶病质外，应争取及早剖腹探查，行胃癌根治手术。Ⅳ期胃癌包括无远处转移的胃癌，所以不是所有的Ⅳ期胃癌都不能进行手术治疗。根治手术的原则是：按肿瘤位置整块切除胃的大部或全部，以及大、小网膜和局属淋巴结，并重建消化道。根据胃周淋巴结清除范围，可分为D0～3站清除。晚期胃癌伴幽门梗阻者，可行胃空肠吻合术。故答案应选D。

阅读理解

San Francisco, a leader in urban recycling, is preparing to turn dog waste into energy.

Norcal Waste System Inc., the city’s largest garbage company, plans to test collection carts(回收车)and collection bags in a city-center park which is popular with dog walkers.

A city study found that almost 4 percent of all the garbage picked up at San Francisco homes was from animal waste, Norcal Waste spokesman Robert Reid said. San Francisco has about 120,000 dogs.

“The city asked us to start a program to recycle dog waste in order to cut back adding more waste in landfills(废渣埋填池) “,Reid said.

Dog waste will be poured into a methane digester(沼气池),and the methane it gives off will be collected and burned to make electricity or to heat homes.

“Dogs and cats in the United States produce about 10 million tons of waste a year,” Will Brinton, an environmental scientist said.

“As much as we love them, our pets leave a lot of fertilizer behind them in yards and on the street but that can be a major source of contamination of groundwater,” Brinton said.

European cities such as Zurich, Frankfurt, Munich and Vienna are starting biology programs to turn waste into gas ,he said.

San Francisco runs a great program to recycle bottles, cars, paper and other rubbish and now two-thirds of its garbage needn’t be carried to landfills .The city’s goal is a 75 percent drop by 2010 and zero new waste in landfills by 2020.

小题1:San Francisco will plan to use dog waste for making __________.

A．fertilizer

B．gas

C．electricity

D．methane小题2:What does the underlined word “ contamination” mean?

A．Increase

B．Reduction

C．Flow

D．Pollution小题3:What can we infer from the passage?

A．San Francisco is short of electricity

B．San Francisco has done a lot of in rubbish recycling.

C．Fewer people will keep dogs as pets in San Francisco

D．There will be no rubbish by 2010 in San Francisco小题4:The passage is mainly about_______.

A．San Francisco ‘s new policy for pet keepers

B．San Francisco ‘s new plan for recycling

C．how to keep a city clean

D．how to deal with rubbish
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填空题

(41)Orientation
Yellowstone is much more than hot ground and gushing steam. Located astride the Continental Divide, most of the park occupies a high plateau surrounded by mountains and drained by several rivers. Park boundaries enclose craggy peaks, alpine lakes, deep canyons, and vast forests. In 1872, Yellowstone became the world’s first national park, the result of great foresight on the part of many people about our eventual need for the solace and beauty of wild places.
(42) When to Go
More than half of the 3 million annum visitors come in July and August. In September and early October, the weather is good, the visitors few, and the wildlife abundant. In May and June, you can see newborn animals, but the weather may be cold, wet, and even snowy. Between about No-vember 1 and May 1 most park roads are closed to vehicles.
(43) Getting There
(44) How to Visit
The 142-mile (228.5-kilometer) Grand Loop Road forms a figure eight, with connecting spurs to the five entrances. On any visit, start with the geyser basins and Mammoth Hot Springs to see wildlife and thermal features (caution: both can be hazardous if approached too closely). On the second day, travel to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Hayden Valley, and Yellowstone Lake.
(45) Park Information
Park opens year-round.
[A] Road from North Entrance to Northeast Entrance open all year; most other park roads closed to cars November through April. Call headquarters for latest weather and road conditions.
[B] Facilities for Disabled Visitor centers, Madison and Fishing Bridge Campgrounds, most rest rooms, amphitheaters, numerous ranger-led activities, walks, and exhibits are wheelchair accessible. Free brochure available.
[C] On a longer stay, visit the Northern Range, or consider a boating or fishing trip on Yellowstone Lake; a backcountry excursion on foot or horse; or any of the numerous easy nature trails throughout the park.
[D] In early years, what made Yellowstone stand out was the extravaganza of geysers and hot springs. The wild landscape and the bison, elk, and bears were nice but, after all, America was still a pioneer country filled with scenic beauty and animals.
[E] By Plane
West Yellowstone Airport (WYS) at the West Entrance of Yellowstone. (This airport is open June through September.)
Cody Airport (COD) about 50 miles (81 kilometers) from the park.
[F] During the winter season, mid-December to mid-March, Yellowstone becomes a fantasy of steam and ice; facilities are limited but sufficient. Only the road between the North and Northeast Entrances stays open to cars, but snowmobiling is permitted on unplowed roads. Heated snow coaches offer tours and give cross-country skiers access to the 50 miles (80.5 kilometers ) of groomed trails.
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