问题 综合题

(23分)阅读下列材料

材料一 : 四幅图

(1)说明图1所示城市的名称及其所处朝代。(2分)从图2、3所取历史信息,说明北宋东京与图1所示城市相比,在商业活动方面发生了什么变化?(6分)

(2)从图4提取历史信息,说明在城市的经济领域又出现了什么新的现象。(2分)导致这一新现象出现的根本原因是什么?(2分)

材料二: 他们把大量棉纺织品和其他各种工业产品运到中国来销售,甚至把中国人民根本不使用的餐具刀叉之类以及钢琴等等,也大批运进来…… 

——郭沫若《中国近代史稿》

(3)结合所学知识,谈谈材料二中现象对中国近代社会经济产生什么影响?(4分)

材料三: ……获取巨额利润的洋行也好,分洋行余利的买办.通事也好,所有这些利润的来源,都是从出口生丝的生产者那里分取得来的超额商业利润。而洋行之所以能取得巨大的超额商业利润,则是由于他们的资本实力和垄断地位,使得他们对中国出口生丝进行随心所欲的压价措施。中国丝厂因资本不足需要洋行周转资金而忍受洋行的压价勒索,这已经是司空见惯的事。事实上,洋行对中国出口生丝进行压级压价的手段,是无所不用其极的。通过生丝的检验以压低生丝等级.降低生丝价格,就是洋行最常用的手法。“以致在国外再检时,常出现低级丝的质量反优于高级丝的现象”。

——张迪恳:《外国洋行垄断生丝输出对上海地区丝厂业的影响》

材料四:  19世纪90年代初,天津武举李福明在北京开办一家机器面粉厂使用外国进口蒸汽机磨,每天能磨细面粉200石。京城官府见机器面粉厂生意兴隆,就存心勒索。今天饬令它降低价格,明天饬令它捐献。李福明不甘心忍受压迫,到官府去讲理,官府给他扣上“私设磨坊”、“哄闹官署”等罪名,革去他的武举功名,“交刑部照例治罪”。李福明的机器面粉厂被迫关闭。 

(4)结合材料三和材料四,分析中国近代社会中新的经济因素的特点。(4分)

材料五: 上海解放后荣氏企业面临困难,不仅资金紧张,原料也供应不足,国家通过发放贷款.供应原料.收购产品.委托加工等方法,对荣氏企业予以大力扶持,使之实现了新的复苏。

材料六:

(5)材料五中荣氏企业的复苏体现了当时我国对资本主义工商业采取的什么政策?

(1分)结合材料六,分析荣毅仁被誉为中国的“红色资本家”的原因。(2分)

答案

(1)长安、唐朝(2分);突破了坊市格局空间限制;突破了坊市制的时间限制;出现了专门市场:商业活动频繁(6分)

(2)出现了具有雇佣关系的手工工场,产生了资本主义生产关系的萌芽(两项写一项即,);(2分)原因:生产力的发展或商品经济的发展。(2分)

(3)影响:使中国传统经济逐渐瓦解;中国卷入资本主义世界市场,沦为列强的原料产地和商品销售市场;促进中国城市商品经济的发展;促使了中国民族资本主义产生。4分

(4)特点:中国资本主义资金少,规模小,技术力量薄弱;(或缺少资本的原始积累)(2分)受到外国资本主义和本国封建势力的压迫和束缚。(2分)

(5)政策:合理调整工商业。(1分)率先将产业公私合营,跨入社会主义行列。(2分)

多项选择题
阅读理解

As computers become all the more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly depending on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes(笔画)of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.

Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their homework and essays are typed on a computer.

All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer.

It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems appear.

"When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I’m familiar with it."

"I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper."

Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and quick to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite?

Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei , the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said "Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(审美的) value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only have their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer's emotion(情绪). Through one's handwriting, people can get to know one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.”

To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory(必修的)and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.

小题1:Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A.The Importance of Handwriting and Typing.

B.To Type or To Hand Write

C.Writing By Computer Will Replace Writing By Hand

D.Practical and Aesthetic Value of Chinese Characters.小题2:The students interviewed prefer to write using a computer mainly because______.

A.they are usually asked to e-mail their homework and Essays

B.they can correct the mistakes they make quickly and conveniently

C.they find it not easy to remember how to write a character

D.computers have become popular in China.小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of the advantages of handwriting?

A.Handwriting contains the writer's emotion.

B.The writer’s thinking and personality are shown in his or her handwriting,

C.Handwriting can impress people well and build up one’s self-confidence

D.Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value.小题4:The underlined expression “taking stock in”(Paragraph 4) probably means_____.

A.getting bored with

B.getting dependent on

C.becoming crazy about

D.getting curious about小题5:We can draw the conclusion from the passage that_______.

A.more and more students will give up writing on a computer

B.writing by hand will give way to typing by computer one day

C.more and more students will pay attention to handwriting

D.the typing article better expresses one’s emotion and quality