问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

女性,50岁。十年前因左肾透明细胞癌行根治性肾切除术。最近因 * * 流血,诊断为宫颈癌而入院。入院后各项指标检查无手术禁忌证,择期行子宫全切+盆腔淋巴结清扫术。术后第二天出现右侧腰部胀痛,24小时无尿。

提示:经上述某些正确方案治疗后,血钾降至正常,Scr156μmol/L。急诊先做何种处理()

A.手术探查

B.血透

C.大剂量静推速尿药

D.应用活血化瘀+保护肾功能药物

E.静滴胰岛素

F.观察

答案

参考答案:A

解析:1.患者一侧肾切除后,因妇科手术导致术后无尿状态时,应首先考虑输尿管损伤,此时应检查血主化及肾功能。2.检查发现患者处于高血钾状态和氮质血症期(血钾5.8mmol/L,Scr300umol/L),首先想到在妇科手术中损伤盆腔段的输尿管。3.急诊B超检查发现右肾轻度积水,输尿管上段扩张,下段因肠胀气显示不清,腹腔、腹膜后及盆腔无液性暗区。首先想到在妇科手术中损伤盆腔段的输尿管,这种损伤类型为结扎或缝扎输尿管,造成一个急性梗阻性肾衰。若输尿管切割伤,或断裂伤,势必有尿外渗。而该患者B超检查腹膜后及盆腔无液性暗区,说明无尿外渗,故可除外输尿管切割伤,或断裂伤。由于误扎或缝扎输尿管导致急性肾衰和高血钾,为确保医疗安全,此时不能即刻手术,必须先用胰岛素及急诊血透,纠正高血钾后手术才为安全。患者目前血钾已经降为正常,可进行手术探查。4.高血钾纠正后立即手术,找到误扎或缝扎的输尿管,切除坏死段输尿管,再行对端吻合。因肾功能未恢复正常,故术后间歇应用小剂量速尿,同时给予改善肾功能的药物,在短时间内肾功能即可恢复正常,再次血透已无必要。

阅读理解

阅读理解.

    Many places in the world need more fresh(淡的)water. Every country is trying to find ways to turn

salt water into fresh.

   Why aren't there many factories like the Symi factory?

   In some places,the sun isn't hot enough,or it doesn't shine every day. In these places ,other ways of

heating (加热)sea water can be used. These ways cost more money ,but they work faster than the sun.

By boiling (煮沸)sea water with high heat ,a lot of fresh water can be made quickly.

   But heating is not the only way to get fresh water from salt water. Other ways are tried. One way is

freezing (冷冻). The fresh part of salt water freezes first. To get fresh water, the pieces of ice are taken

out. Which way is best? The one that gives the most water for the least money. It may be a different

way for each place. Symi's way seems very good for small, hot places. It doesn't make very much

water at a time. But the factory is easy to build and cost little.

   That's why people in many dry places talk about Symi!

1 .From the passage we know that fresh water ________.

A .is needed in many countries      

B .is needed in every country

C .is very important for factories    

D .is very important for factories

2 .The Symi factory ________.

A .is a fresh-water factory

B .can be built everywhere

C .can make much fresh water at a time

D .doesn't need sunshine every day

3.Which is the best way for small and hot places to get fresh water?

A.Boiling or heating the sea water.

B.The way in sunny places.

C.The Symi's way.

D.Freezing the sea water in cold places.

4.The writer is mainly talking about ________.

A.water-making factories in different countries

B.the ways of making fresh water from sea water

C.hot places and dry places

D.how to make good use of the sunlight

5.Which is wrong?

A.New ways are tried to get fresh water.

B.Heating can make a lot of fresh water quickly.

C.The best way is to get the most fresh water with the least(最少)money

D.The Symi's way doesn't work in dry places .

单项选择题