问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

女性,50岁。十年前因左肾透明细胞癌行根治性肾切除术。最近因 * * 流血,诊断为宫颈癌而入院。入院后各项指标检查无手术禁忌证,择期行子宫全切+盆腔淋巴结清扫术。术后第二天出现右侧腰部胀痛,24小时无尿。

提示:血钾5.8mmol/L,Scr300/L,BUNl5mmol/L。急诊重点检查哪些项目()

A.血糖

B.血脂

C.肝功能

D.血气分析

E.血电解质+肾功能

答案

参考答案:E

解析:1.患者一侧肾切除后,因妇科手术导致术后无尿状态时,应首先考虑输尿管损伤,此时应检查血主化及肾功能。2.检查发现患者处于高血钾状态和氮质血症期(血钾5.8mmol/L,Scr300umol/L),首先想到在妇科手术中损伤盆腔段的输尿管。3.急诊B超检查发现右肾轻度积水,输尿管上段扩张,下段因肠胀气显示不清,腹腔、腹膜后及盆腔无液性暗区。首先想到在妇科手术中损伤盆腔段的输尿管,这种损伤类型为结扎或缝扎输尿管,造成一个急性梗阻性肾衰。若输尿管切割伤,或断裂伤,势必有尿外渗。而该患者B超检查腹膜后及盆腔无液性暗区,说明无尿外渗,故可除外输尿管切割伤,或断裂伤。由于误扎或缝扎输尿管导致急性肾衰和高血钾,为确保医疗安全,此时不能即刻手术,必须先用胰岛素及急诊血透,纠正高血钾后手术才为安全。患者目前血钾已经降为正常,可进行手术探查。4.高血钾纠正后立即手术,找到误扎或缝扎的输尿管,切除坏死段输尿管,再行对端吻合。因肾功能未恢复正常,故术后间歇应用小剂量速尿,同时给予改善肾功能的药物,在短时间内肾功能即可恢复正常,再次血透已无必要。

问答题
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Learning a Second Language

Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.

The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks,

The second step is to practice your English. For example, write in a journal, or diary, every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.

The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your journal. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these accomplishments in your journal.

You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will feel more confidence in yourself.

66.To feel positive about learning English means _______.

A.if you are patient, you will learn

B.you can understand everything all at once

C.if you make mistakes, you can learn from your mistakes

D.if you believe you can learn, you will learn

67._____ follows in addition.

A.More information   B. The same information  C.The result  D. The opposite information

68.When you learn English, you do not need to ______.

A.be patient                        B. make mistakes

C. express your ideas in English        D. understand everything all at once

69.What is not helpful for you to enjoy learning English?

A.To communicate in English.                    B.To worry about taking risks.

C.To think about what has been done after each class.  D.To make a record of the achievements.

70.What is the main idea of this passage?

A.It is very important to learn a second language.

B.Some people learn a second language easily. Other people do not.

C.There are ways to help you learn a second language more easily.

D.Don’t worry about taking risks when learning a second language.