问题 实验题

(8分)如图为“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验装置示意图。现有的器材为:带铁夹的铁架台、电磁打点计时器、纸带、带铁夹的重物、导线、开关。回答下列问题:

⑴为完成此实验,除了所给的器材,还需要的器材有      (填入正确选项前的字母);

A.秒表         B.刻度尺         C.0~6V的交流电源         D.0~6V的直流电源

⑵实验中误差产生的原因有                                                                

                                                                            (写出两个原因);

⑶若已知打点计时器的电源频率为50Hz,当地的重力加速度为g=9.80m/s2,重物质量为mkg,实验中得到一条点迹清晰的纸带如图所示,其中O为第一个点,A、B、C为另外3个连续点,由图中数据可知重物由O点运动到B点重力势能减少量ΔEp     J,动能增量ΔEk     J,得出的结论是                。(计算结果保留三位有效数字)

答案

⑴BC;⑵用刻度尺测量纸带上点之间的距离,即重物下落的高度时,会引起实验误差,纸带与打点计时器限位孔之间的摩擦力,也会对实验造成误差;⑶7.62m,7.59m,在实验误差允许的范围内,机械能守恒。

题目分析:⑴从实验提供的已有器材中可知,由于选用了电磁打点计时器,因此需要学生电源,且为低压交流电源,故选项C正确;选项D错误;实验过程中需要测量纸带上点之间的距离,即重物下落的高度,因此需要使用刻度尺,故选项B正确,本实验中无需测量时间,故选项A错误。

⑵在实验过程中,用刻度尺测量纸带上点之间的距离,即重物下落的高度时,读数(刻度尺需要估读)会引起此实验的偶然误差,纸带与打点计时器限位孔之间的摩擦力,以及重物下落过程中所受的空气阻力等,也会对此实验造成系统误差;

⑶由图中数据可知重物由O点运动到B点的过程中,下降的高度为77.76cm=0.7776m,因此此过程中重力势能减少量ΔEp=mgh=m×9.80×0.7776J=7.62m,运动至B时重物对应的速度为:vB×102m/s=3.895m/s,所以重物由O点运动到B点的过程中,动能增量ΔEk-0=0.5×m×3.8952J=7.59m,通过ΔEp和ΔEk两者大小的比较可知,在实验误差允许的范围内,减少的重力势能与增加的动能几乎相等,即机械能守恒。

完形填空


A group of adults, highly succeeded in their jobs, went to visit their old professor. Soon they began to __31__ the stress in work and life.
The professor went to the kitchen and returned __32__ a pot of coffee and all kinds of cups — crystal (水晶的), glass, plastic; some nice looking, some plain looking; some __33__, some cheap. And he told them to help __34__ to the coffee.
When all the students had a cup of coffee in hand, the professor said, “I’ve noticed that all the nice looking expensive cups were __35__, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is __36__ for you to take only the best for yourselves, that is the root of your __37__ and stress.
You know that the cup itself adds no quality to the coffee, __38__ you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, __39__ you consciously went for the best cups.
Now consider this: Life is the coffee. The jobs, money and __40__ in society are the cups. They are just __41__ to hold life, and the type of cup does not change the quality of our life. Sometimes, by __42__ only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the coffee that God has __43__ us. God offers us the coffee, not the cups. Please enjoy your coffee!”The happiest people don’t have the best of everything. They just make __44__ of everything.
Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak __45__. And leave the rest to God.
小题1:
A.think ofB.thank forC.complain aboutD.drop out
小题2:
A.forB.atC.inD.with
小题3:
A.expensiveB.ordinaryC.strongD.serious
小题4:
A.themB.themselvesC.himD.everyone
小题5:
A.mixed upB.leftC.taken upD.refused
小题6:
A.normalB.importantC.impossibleD.necessary
小题7:
A.thoughtsB.failureC.questionsD.problems
小题8:
A.WhoB.How muchC.WhatD.That
小题9:
A.andB.butC.soD.or
小题10:
A.positionB.ageC.healthD.purpose
小题11:
A.cupsB.toolsC.bagsD.bowls
小题12:
A.puttingB.gettingC.turningD.concentrating
小题13:
A.taughtB.providedC.returnedD.bought
小题14:
A.funB.useC.the bestD.the worst
小题15:
A.kindlyB.sadlyC.rudelyD.seriously
单项选择题