问题 问答题 论述题

简论“楚辞”的文化渊源。

答案

参考答案:

《楚辞》是中原文化与楚文化相融合的产物。楚民族在殷商时代已接受了中原文化的影响,春秋战国时期,随着楚国的强大、兼并战争的日益加剧和列国间交往聘问之事的增多,它进一步吸收了中原文化,儒、法、墨、名、阴阳等思想及经典都传入楚国并产生影响。屈原曾多次使齐,身受中原文化的影响,他诗中“举贤授能”、“修明法度”的思想和大量的比兴手法,就是直接继承和发扬了儒法思想与《诗经》的传统。但对《楚辞》产生最直接影响的还是楚文化。首先是楚地民歌。

楚地民歌渊源甚古,相沿不断,其句子参差灵活,多用“兮”字来加强节奏、舒缓语气,有的还用了兴句和双关语,已开楚辞体格。其次,巫风文化的熏陶。楚国一直盛行着殷商时代一种迷信色彩浓厚的巫风文化,在郢都以南的沅、湘之间,老百姓有崇信鬼神的风俗,喜欢举行祭祀活动。祭祀时要奏乐、歌唱、跳舞以娱神。这种巫术风俗的熏陶,培养了人们丰富的幻想力,滋长着美丽的歌辞和舞蹈,给楚辞提供了养料。其他如楚国的地理风物、方言声调等也给《楚辞》提供了直接营养。

阅读理解

For thousands of years, people have used plants to make medicines. They used different parts of the plants —the roots, the leaves, the flowers, and the bark (树皮). Today, doctors have rediscovered more medicinal (药用) values of some plants. Let’s look at some examples.

Foxglove is a common plant. People have used it to make the heart slow down. Recently scientists have developed another drug from it. This new drug helps prevent other heart problems.

In some areas, malaria has been a problem. Scientists have learned that the bark of a South American tree, the cinchona, can be made into a drug to prevent malaria. For a long time, the Chinese have known that a special plant, wormwood, can also fight malaria. Scientists have been working with it to develop new drugs against malaria.

In Germany, some scientists studied garlic (大蒜) for four years. They found that it helps prevent the build-up of plaque (血小板) because too much plaque is bad for health. This very common plant continues to be studied.

As we know, there are about 250,000 kinds of flowering plants in the world. Scientists have only studied little more than one percent of plants for their medicinal value. Maybe medicines for AIDS and cancer will be made from the other 99 percent.

小题1:What can foxglove be used for?

A.Studying plants.

B.Building up the plaque.

C.Treating AIDS and cancer.

D.Preventing heart problems.小题2:What does the underlined word “malaria” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指的是)?

A.A drug.

B.A plant.

C.An illness.

D.An animal.小题3:How many plants are mentioned in the passage?

A.3.

B.4.

C.5.

D.6小题4:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.Past and future

B.Plants and medicine

C.Health and illness

D.Scientists and doctors

单项选择题