问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的作品,完成文后各题。

绝地之音

马步升

①七年前深秋的一个黄昏,我呆坐在陕甘交界处一座古长城的营盘上,怅望着大沟那面踟躇在山坡上恹恹的夕阳,倾听着那串如丝如缕如歌似哭的歌声,被风沙折磨了半个月的干涸的眼眶,不觉间盈满了清泪。七年间我怀揣着那串无词无调的歌声游历了许多美丽的、荒瘠的地方,谛听过许多古今中外的人都为之倾倒的乐音,但时刻能够震撼我心灵、能进入我血液骨髓的仍然是这串无词无调的歌声。

②那年秋天,我随导师踏上了徒步考察长城的征程。进入陕甘宁蒙一带,我的心整日被强烈地震撼着。那是一片什么样的土地呵,大沟横断,小沟交错,沟中有沟,原本平展开阔的黄土高原被洪水切割成狰狞的黄土林。

③整日里见不着生存在现时现地的人,能与我们交流的只有秦汉边卒的遗迹,那无阻无碍的朔风挟着远古的灵感,一拨一拨地注入我们的身心。我和导师开始爬山。终于,攀上了山顶。昏黄的太阳已站在了一根黄土柱上,随时准备一跃而下,将山川人灵都置于无际的黑暗之中。我们站在城墙上,寻找继续前行的路。这时,一个场景牢牢地攫住了我。

④面前又是一条大沟。夕阳仍然漂在那面沟坡上。一眼望不见边沿的沟坡破碎而陡直。有一块平地,满沟坡只有一块平地。那是一块什么样的平地呵,沟坡向沟底延伸,突然被沟内冲出来的洪水迎面斩断,在面前划出一道深达百米的危崖,山坡上涌下来的洪水则从两面切割下来,各自形成危崖,中间只留下两亩见方的一块平地,岌岌悬于三面陡崖之上,余下的一面如一根细绳拴在山体之上。距平台不远有两棵山椿树,树下有几孔土窑洞,一群鸡,一条大黑狗,几头猪,还有几头大骡子在树下或站或卧。山坡较平缓处,铺展着有耕种痕迹的山坡地。平台上正在打碾庄稼。一头大骡子拉着碌碡在场内不紧不慢地转圈儿,一个人一手牵绳缰,一手场皮鞭,皮鞭并不往下抽,只绕在空中,偶尔鞭梢一抖,啪地一声,那声音就沿着三面沟崖哗啦啦传出去,很远很远,直到听不见任何声响,还觉得有一股声音驰向遥远。那人拉着骡子转在了崖边,阳光依然洒下来,远远看去,人和骡和碌碡好似在空中行走。我的心跳起来,人或骡只要走歪一步……那人高扬起手臂,鞭梢也张扬起来,骡子和碌碡也欢乐了几分。突然,那人唱了起来,细听,那歌无词,也无统一的曲调,只有一种内在的音韵连续在一起。如果说有歌词的话,那就只有“咧”一个字。咧—咧—咧—,歌声好似被鞭梢越沟撩过来,抑或是被风断断续续扔过来。满地是无边的黄土壑,昏黄的夕阳浮在黄土上,满地好似涂着秦汉边卒那风干的血。那歌声,似情歌却含雄壮,似悲歌却多悠扬,似颂歌却兼哀怨,似战歌却嫌凄婉……那是一首真正的绝唱,无词,而饱含万有,无调,却调兼古今。

⑤多年来,我一直在寻找那支歌的词和调,为此,我翻遍了几乎所有可以找得到的形式各异的黄土高原民歌卷册,为此,我喜欢听各种音乐和各种嗓门唱出的歌。尽管,我仍不懂音乐,不会唱歌,但我坚信人的心灵是相通的,只要有一支歌与那支歌重合,我便会立即将其捕捉,遗憾的是我的寻找距离原目标愈来愈远,我甚至不能确定世间有无那首歌,或者我是否听到过那首歌。尽管那首歌仍时时刻刻奔来耳畔,那清晰的音符有力地敲打着我的心灵,让我一次又一次的感动。

⑥绝地,才能迸发出绝唱,绝唱,永远是绝地的宿命。绝地之音,并不仅仅传达悲壮哀婉,它是生命本身,每一个音符里都透射着生命的全部内涵。它不是用具体的词、调所能表达清楚的,身处无语无理性之境地,废词失调才是真实生命的展示。

(选自《现代散文选读<绝地之音>》 有删节)

小题1:请简要说明本文的写作思路。(4分)

小题2:文章的题目是“绝地之音”,但文章从第四段才真正写“绝地之音”,请简要分析前三段在文章中的作用。(4分)

小题3:文章反复强调这串无词无调的歌声让作者产生了强烈的震撼,请结合全文概括作者对此产生震撼的原因。(6分)

小题4:多年来,作者一直在寻找那支歌的词和调,可是作者说这“寻找”却“距离原目标愈来愈远”,试探究其原因。(6分)

答案

小题1:(4分)本文以“绝地之音”为中心,按“追忆绝地之音——邂逅绝地之音——捕捉绝地之音”这一思路铺衍成文。(一点1分)

小题2:(4分)为写“绝地之音”作铺垫。第一段采用倒叙手法,造成悬念;第二、三段渲染了环境的恶劣,为歌声的出现提供背景。(一点1分)

小题3:(6分)(1)因为这歌声是在环境极其恶劣的黄土高原上产生的;(2)因为这歌声雄壮悲慨,韵味深厚;(3)因为这歌声透射出生命力顽强的内涵;(4)因为这歌声表现了中 * * 生生不息和顽强自信的精神;(5)因为这歌声传承了中华文明。(任意三点6分)

小题4:(6分)⑴因为绝地之音只有在绝地之中才能迸发出的顽强生命力;⑵因为作者的寻找过多地注重了诗歌的形式;(3)因为真正的绝地之音蕴含着生命本身的深刻内涵。(一点2分)

小题1:

题目分析:本题在解答时需要通读全文,理清文章的结构,然后组织答案。本文题目是绝地之音,内容围绕绝地之音展开,第一自然段是追忆,第二段到第四段是邂逅绝地之音的过程,第五、六两段是寻找捕捉绝地之音。

小题2:

题目分析:这类题目涉及到对段落作用的考查,解答时要从内容和结构两个方面来考虑。前三段属于文章的开头部分,一般情况下,结构上的作用多是为下文做铺垫、埋伏笔,设悬念等;内容上来看,写了环境的恶劣,这是歌声出现的背景。

小题3:

题目分析:这道题可以从歌声出现的背景、歌声的特点,歌声给作者的感受三方面来思绪。文章前三段写了环境的恶劣,突出了歌声的震撼效果;第四段作者写道,“那歌声,似情歌却含雄壮,似悲歌却多悠扬,似颂歌却兼哀怨,似战歌却嫌凄婉”,这是歌声的特点;结尾段,“它是生命本身……透射着生命的全部内涵”是歌声给作者的感受。

小题4:

题目分析:本题应扣住绝地之音产生的条件、特点以及作者寻找的偏离方向来答。从题目看,本文题目是“绝地之音”,文章所写也是地绝地邂逅的声音,“绝地,才能迸发出绝唱,绝唱,永远是绝地的宿命”,那么不到绝地是听不到这种声音的;而作者所寻却是“翻遍了几乎所有可以找得到的形式各异的黄土高原民歌卷册”,可见作者的寻找方向、寻找方式都是错误的。因此作者寻不到绝地之音。

填空题

Almost every day we see something in the papers about the latest exciting developments in the space race. Photographs are regularly flashed to the earth from thousands and even millions of miles away. They are printed in our newspapers and shown on our television screens as a visible proof of the man’s newest achievements. The photographs neatly sum up the results of these massive efforts to ’ conquer space’ and at the same time they exposed the absurdity of the undertaking. All we can see is an indistinguishable blob that is supposed to represent a planet seen from several thousand miles away. We are going to end up with a little moon-dust and a few stones which will be put behind glass in some museum. (41)__________
(42)__________It is just an extension of the race for power on earth. Only the wealthiest nations can compete and they do so in the name of pure scientific research. But in reality, all they are interested in is power and prestige. They want to impress us, their spectators, with a magnificent show of strength. Man has played the power game ever since he appeared on earth. Now he is playing it as it has never been played before. The space race is just another aspect of the age-old argument that "might is right".
(43)__________But what has the space race done to relieve the suffering of the earth’s starving millions In what way has it raised the standard of living of any one of us As far as the layman is concerned, the practical results of all this expenditure of money and efforts are negligible. Thanks to space research, we can now see television pictures transmitted live halfway across the globe and the housewife can use non-stick frying pans in the kitchen. The whole thing becomes utterly absurd when you think that no matter what problems man overcomes, it is unlikely that he will ever be able to travel even to the nearest star.
(44)__________For the first time in his history, man has the overwhelming technological resources to combat human suffering, yet he squanders them on meaningless pursuits.
(45)__________Individuals with limited budgets usually get their priorities right; they provide themselves with necessities before trying to obtain luxuries. Why can’t great nations act in the same sensible way Let us put our house in order first and let space look after itself.
[A] An increasing number of people even begin to picture a space travel in recent years.
[B] Poverty, hunger, disease and war are man’s greatest enemies and the world would be an infinitely better place if the powerful nations devoted half as much money and effort to these problems as they do to the space race.
[C] The space race is not simply the objective search for knowledge though it is often made out to be.
[D] On the other hand, people benefit dramatically from the development of science and technology.
[E] This is hardly value for money when you think that our own earth can provide countless sights that are infinitely more exciting and spectacular.
[F] We are often told that technological know-how, acquired in attempting to get us into orbit, will be utilized to make better on earth.
[G] If a man deprived himself and his family of food in order to buy and run a car, we would consider him mad.

单项选择题