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问题 单项选择题

护理法洛四联症患儿时要保证入量，目的是为了防止( )

A．肺脓肿
B．心内膜炎
C．脑栓塞
D．脱水
E．便秘

答案

参考答案：C

解析： 法洛四联症患儿由于长期缺氧、红细胞增加，血液黏稠度高，血流变慢易引起脑栓塞，所以要注意保证入量。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读短文，完成文后习题。

　　暑假整理书橱，我在上千册的书籍里又看到那部快翻烂的长篇小说《远离莫斯科的地方》——上、中、下三本。这三本书包着牛皮纸封面，但边边角角又毛糙又破旧。我把三本书托在手心上，只感到内心有一种很深沉的分量，有一股扯不断的思绪…… 

　　那时在北大荒，没有更多的书可读，而这部描写库页岛开发的小说，像经典著作被大家传阅，我自己看了几遍，一个字一个字地读，一段一段地做笔记，仿佛翻过的每一页里都能找到理想，受到启发，找到楷模。而只要读到 一点共鸣、同感，我就会激动很久，好像精神里撑起一根支柱，能让我确立自己，证明自己。那是一段很年轻、很艰苦、很特殊的生活，有这样一部书伴随着，给心灵注入了向上的、崇高的精神。我始终认为，北大荒十年，是我人生的基础，因为有精神的存在，艰苦与特殊的经历，便成为不可多得的财富。这部书和一本本用纸订起来的读书笔记是一段历史的见证，它们帮助过我，支撑过我。我从那成千的书页中也找到过那个单纯热情又充满理想的自己。一部好书的确能抓住生命，也能赋予生命以活力。

　　此后，我可以读到很多很多的书，却不大有时间读了，也读得不像从前那样认真，那样如饥似渴。不过，在桌上，在枕边，总有几本书放着，每逢心情忧伤、处境为难或有困惑不解的问题时，我便什么也不干地读书，读一部好的小说，读一篇精彩的文章，浸润到自己以外的世界里，感受别样人生，感受更博大的人世。心，自然会平静下来，并且豁朗了，达观了，如同最好的朋友悄悄坐到身边，即使一言不发，那种心灵的相遇，也会让我获得一种安慰：，一部真正的书是面向整个人类的，每个人都能从中看到一点自己。我喜欢在读书中寻找自己，也希望在写书中完成自己。

1．解释词语。

（1）楷模：__________________________________________

（2）共鸣：__________________________________________

（3）如饥似渴：______________________________________

2．写出下面词语的反义词。

特殊——（　　） 热情——（　　） 艰苦——（　　）

3．“我”在整理书橱时找到的是一本怎样的书？

______________________________________________________________

4．“我把三本书托在手心上，只感到内心有一种很深沉的分量，有一股扯不断的思绪……”从这句话里可以体会到作者怎样的思想感情？

______________________________________________________________

5．文章的第2段主要写什么？这一段中的哪些语句表明了这部书曾经给了作者巨大的精神力量？（用“______”画出来）

6．在以后的读书生活中，作者对读书又有了什么新的感悟？

______________________________________________________________

7．作者在文中所谈到的读书体会对你有什么启发？

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
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填空题

Small, Imperfectly Formed


One has to look a long time for an American politician of any political stripe who has failed to laud small businesses. Still, many have little clue as to what makes such businesses succeed or fail.
Federal agencies aimed at helping small business, such as the Small Business Administration and the Minority Business Development Agency, have been around for half a century, yet persistent differences remain between the performance of businesses founded by white, male entrepreneurs and the rest. Blacks are less likely to be self-employed, for example, and when they are their businesses, on average, have lower sales and profits than do their white-or Asian-owned counterparts. If researchers could explain the causes of these differences, policy-makers could (at least in theory) supply small businesses with more useful help.
Two researchers for the Census Bureau’s Centre for Economic Studies, Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan, recently published a working paper attempting to understand demographic differences behind small businesses’ success and failure. They concentrated on the years 2002 to 2005, with three databases at their disposal: the Survey of Business Owners, conducted every five years; the Longitudinal Foreign Trade Transaction Database, which includes every US export transaction between 1992 and 2005; and a database co-developed by Mr. Jarmin, which allowed the authors to track whether the owners of the firms in their sample had prior experience being their own bosses. By drawing from on the power of the Census’s data collection efforts, the authors hoped to create a more nuanced picture of business survival.
Some of their findings were not terribly surprising. A firm’s chances of survival, regardless of the race or sex of its owner, decreased in poorer areas; and the better the education of the founder, the more likely it was to succeed. Businesses owned by Asians, Hispanics, or Pacific Islanders were more likely to be exporters. Older entrepreneurs were more likely to use personal savings to start their businesses; younger owners were more likely to have to close up shop during the study period than were their middle-aged rivals.
However, the data also confirmed that black-and female-owned businesses tended to perform worse than the average. They were also less likely to have been funded by bank loans. Still, the businesses that survived, regardless of the owner’s race, tended to add employees at similar rates. Furthermore, after controlling for factors such as the education and race of the owner, there was no statistically significant difference in firms’ abilities to expand into different locations. Finally, black entrepreneurs were more likely to have a history of self-employment than their white counterparts. Messrs Jarmin and Krizan’s paper is not the first to suggest that black entrepreneurs, less likely to have other business owners in their family or personal networks, tend to "start small" when they venture out on their own.
Most researchers get to end their papers by speculating, usually without much fear of consequence, as to the policy implications of their work. The authors of this paper, not wishing to imply that the Census Bureau might have policy opinions, declined to do so. But the reader can make some guesses. One is that mentorship programmes may be particularly useful for promoting entrepreneurship among blacks. Another is that reaching out to businesses based on the owner’s race might be less useful than supporting businesses in poorer areas. And small businesses of all stripes would be helped by improving that other institution lauded by politicians: America’s education system.

One of the problems black owners and female owners faced was ______.
A. poor education B. low work efficiency
C. lack of family backups D. difficult access to bank loans
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