问题 填空题

【化学一一选修:有机化学基础】(11分)某有机物A(C4H6O5)广泛存在于许多水果内,尤以苹果、葡萄、西瓜、山楂内为多,是一种常用的食品添加剂。该化合物具有如下性质:

(i) 在25℃时,电离平衡常数K1=3.9×10-4K2=5.5×10-6

(ii) A + RCOOH(或ROH)         有香味的产物

(iii) 1 mol A           慢慢产生1.5 mol气体

(iv) 核磁共振氢谱表明A分子中有5种不同化学环境的氢原子

与A相关的反应框图如下:

(1)根据化合物A的性质,对A的结构可作出的判断是_______。

(a)肯定有碳碳双键             (b)有两个羧基

(c)肯定有羟基                 (d)有-COOR官能团

(2)写出A、F的结构简式:

A:___________________________、   F:___________________________。

(3)写出A→B、B→E的反应类型:A→B_______________、 B→E_______________。

(4)写出下列反应的反应条件:

E→F第①步反应___________________。

(5)在催化剂作用下,B与乙二醇可发生缩聚反应,生成的高分子化合物用于制造玻璃钢。写出该反应的化学方程式:

___________________________________________________。

(6)写出与A具有相同官能团的A的同分异构体的结构简式:

_________________________________________________。

答案

(1)bc (2分)

解答题
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信息匹配
A. Why do people turn to alternative energy?
B. How do we use renewable energy?
C. The sources of renewable energy.
D. What is renewable energy?
E. Where is the solar energy from?
F. The advantages of renewable energy.
1. _____
     When speaking about renewable energy, we are talking about power which derives  its energy from
resources which will not be diminished from the use.Renewable energy is a substitute for the
non-renewable energy of fossil fuel.
2._____
      One fundamental advantage of renewable energy, and environmentalists'  favorite reason to promote
its use, is that there are no greenhouse gases or other pollutants give out as there are with the burning of
fossil fuels.Renewable energy, or solar, water and wind power, are certainly not new although they have
received much attention recently because they will not cause pollution.Environmental friendly power
sources such as wind, solar and water power have been used in both developing and developed
countries for a long time because they are cheap and clean, but they have yet to be used as a primary
source of energy for any big urban area.
3._____
     The generation of power from renewable energy sources has become somewhat more common in
recent times as people have increasingly become aware of issues such as climate change due to fossil
fuel by-products and the political or social worries about nuclear power.There are numerous countries
and non-profit, environmentally conscious organizations that are  supporting the use of renewable
energy.
4._____
     The flow of renewable energy has to do with naturally occurring phenomena.Tides, sunlight, wind and
heat are all created by geothermal events and all are sources of energy has unique characteristics related
to where and how we can use them.
5._____
     Most technology which transforms renewable energy into power which we can use is solar power
either directly or indirectly.The atmospheric system of the earth keeps balance so that the heat which
spreads out into space is equal to the amount of radiation received from the sun.The quantity of energy
contained in the atmosphere approximates the earth' s climate.The bodies of water of the earth, or its
hydrosphere, absorb much of the radiation which is received from the sun.And much of that absorbed
radiation is in the lower latitudes surrounding the equator.