问题 填空题

(选修—有机化学基础)(15分)苯酚是重要的化工原料,通过下列流程可合成阿司匹林、冬青油和一些高分子化合物。已知:

试按要求回答:

(1)由水杨酸A合成阿司匹林C的反应类型是                

(2)写出C、D的结构简式:C            ,D             

(3)写由水杨酸A合成冬青油B的化学方程式:                                        。    

(4)水杨酸A易溶于冬青油中使产品不纯,用NaHCO3溶液反应后,经过     操作得到较纯净的冬青油,写出A与NaHCO3溶液反应的化学方程式:                          

(5)阿斯匹林药片需要保存在干燥处,受潮的药片易变质不宜服用;检验受潮药片是否变质的试剂是(写出一种试剂即可)                

答案

(15分)(1)取代反应(1分)

(2) (2分)   (2分)

(3) (3分)

(4) 分液(2分)  (3分)

(5) FeCl3溶液 或溴水(2分)

相关的化学反应方程式为:

水杨酸能与碳酸氢钠溶液反应生成水杨酸钠,水杨酸钠易溶于水,而冬青油不溶于水且密度比水小,会出现分层现象,采用分液的方法即可提纯。

阿斯匹林药片受潮变质主要是(酚)羟基易被空气中氧气氧化而变质。若变质,加入FeCl3溶液不显紫色(或加溴水无白色沉淀生成)。

多项选择题
阅读理解

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第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每题2分,满分40分)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项.

  The three most valuable brand(商标)names on earth : Marlboro, Coca-cola and Budweiser, in that order.

  It’s interesting that of the three most valuable brand names on earth, NONE of them are good for you.

  Cigarettes kill 370,000 people a year in the U.S., not counting passive smoke. That’s over 1,000 people per day, equaling to five giant jets crashing daily. The estimates are that passive cigarette smoke kills over 15,000 people per year. That’s more than illegal drugs.

Coke is a solid company, but let’s face it, carbonated(含二氧化碳的) soft drinks of any brand are not healthy for you. There was a fellow parked in my driveway years ago. We were talking and he was drinking a cola. For some reason I had moved the cola and placed it on the hood (发动机罩) of his car.

  “Don’t put that drink on my car!” he shouted. “Don’t you know the acid(酸) in that drink will eat the paint off my car?” he said. He quickly took the drink and finished drinking it.

  The third most valuable brand in the world is a beer.

  It’s interesting what we value the most. You can’t control what the world values. You can only control what you value.

  What do you value? Is it really valuable?

  One method of determining what you really value is to try to do without it. If you can’t do it without it, then that’s what you value.

  Are you trying to get to the mountaintop with a cigarette in your mouth, a soda in one hand, and a beer in the other because those are the things that you can’t do without?

  Stop and think about your real treasures.“For where your treasure is, there will be your heart also ...”

56. According to the passage, Budweiser refers to____ .

 A. a kind of cigarette        B. a kind of soft drink

 C. a kind of paint           D. a kind of beer

57. How many people are killed by passive cigarette smoke per day?

 A. about 1,000       B. about 15,000      C. about 40         D. about 370,000

58. Why did the fellow take the cola and finish drinking it immediately?

 A. Because cola was good for his health.

 B. Because cola would damage the paint of his car.

 C. Because he was very thirsty then.

 D. Because he wanted to apologize to me.

59. What is the purpose of the text?

 A. To give advice on how to determine what you value most.

 B. To encourage people to give up smoking and drinking.

 C. To warn people not to believe advertisements.

 D. To tell people to have a clear mind about what is really valuable.