问题 单项选择题

美国一家非常受欢迎的专卖草莓冰淇淋的冷饮店,最近把草莓冰淇淋的价格提高了0.20美元,即从1.80美元提高到了2.00美元。可是,涨价后仅仅一星期,所有的服务员都不约而同地辞职了。
以下哪项如果为真,能最好地解释上述现象( )

A.服务员的小费比以前大大减少了。因为售价是整数,顾客可能没有零钱给小费了

B.价格上涨之后,冷饮店就可以继续赠送顾客点心,而服务员则嫌麻烦

C.由于价格上涨,除了某些老主顾还经常来光顾外,店里的生意可是日渐冷清了

D.虽然上调了价格,但该店草莓冰淇淋的价格相对还是比较低的

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 美国时兴给小费,服务人员的重要收入之一也是小费;而最简捷、方便地给小费的方式即是不找零。由于草莓冰淇淋的价格从1.80美元提高到了2.00美元,售价是整数,顾客可能没有零钱给小费了,服务员的收入便可能比以前大大减少,因而只得辞职。B也可以用来解释上述现象,但不充分;C、D则没有直接解释上述现象。

单项选择题
单项选择题

For more than a decade, the prevailing view of innovation has been that little guys had the edge. Innovation bubbled up from the bottom, from upstarts and insurgents. Big companies didn’t innovate, and government got in the way. In the dominant innovation narrative, venture-backed start-up companies were cast as the nimble winners and large corporations as the sluggish losers.

There was a rich vein of business-school research supporting the notion that innovation comes most naturally from small-scale outsiders. That was the headline point that a generation of business people, venture investors and policy makers took away from Clayton M. Christensen’s 1997 classic, The Innovator’s Dilemma, which examined the process of disruptive change.

But a shift in thinking is under way, driven by altered circumstances. In the United States and abroad, the biggest economic and social challenges—and potential business opportunities—are problems in multifaceted fields like the environment, energy and health care that rely on complex systems.

Solutions won’t come from the next new gadget or clever software, though such innovations will help. Instead, they must plug into a larger network of change shaped by economics, regulation and policy. Progress, experts say, will depend on people in a wide range of disciplines, and collaboration across the public and private sectors.

"These days, more than ever, size matters in the innovation game," said John Kao, a former professor at the Harvard business school and an innovation consultant to governments and corporations. In its economic recovery package, the Obama administration is financing programs to generate innovation with technology in health care and energy. The government will spend billions to accelerate the adoption of electronic patient records to help improve care and curb costs, and billions more to spur the installation of so-called smart grids that use sensors and computerized meters to reduce electricity consumption.

In other developed nations, where energy costs are higher than in the United States, government and corporate projects to cut fuel use and reduce carbon emissions are further along. But the Obama administration is pushing environmental and energy conservation policy more in the direction of Europe and Japan. The change will bolster demand for more efficient and more environmentally friendly systems for managing commuter traffic, food distribution, electric grids and waterways.

These systems are animated by inexpensive sensors and ever-increasing computing power but also require the skills to analyze, model and optimize complex networks, factoring in things as diverse as weather patterns and human behavior. Big companies like General Electric and IBM that employ scientists in many disciplines typically have the skills and scale to tackle such projects.

Big companies have the advantage of()

A. making Complex networks work in a coordinated way

B. reducing the cost by producing things in large quantities

C. being able to integrate innovations across complex systems

D. controlling human behavior with imposed restraints on creativity