问题 填空题

(15分)苯甲酸甲酯()是一种重要的工业使用的有机溶剂。分析下面的框图关系,然后回答问题:

       

已知以下信息:

①有机化合物甲的结构:

②有机化合物乙的结构:

③有机化合物丙的分子式为C7H8O,熔融状态的丙能与钠反应放出氢气,且能够与乙酸发生酯化反应;

④苯在无水AlCl3的作用下与卤代烃、烯烃发生反应,可以在苯环上增加烷基。

(1)乙中含氧官能团的名称        

(2)甲、乙、丙三种有机物中与苯甲酸甲酯是同分异构体的是         ,在加热条件下能够与新制氢氧化铜悬浊液反应生成砖红色沉淀的是         ,与NaOH溶液加热消耗NaOH最多的是                  

(3)写出C的结构简式:                 

(4)丙生成甲的反应类型与          (选填序号)的反应类型相同。

a.反应I    b.反应Ⅱ     c.反应Ⅲ    d.反应Ⅳ

(5)写出B生成丙的化学方程式:        

答案

(1)酯基

(2)甲、乙;  甲;  乙

(3)

(4)bcd

(5)+NaOH→+NaCl

题目分析:(1)乙为乙酸苯酚酯,故其含氧官能团为酯基。

(2)苯甲酸甲酯与甲、乙的分子式都是C8H8O2,只是结构不同;甲为甲酸苯甲酯,中的-OOCH可以看做具有醛基性质;乙在碱性(NaOH)条件下水解生成苯酚钠和乙酸钠,消耗的氢氧化钠最多。

(3)通过“已知”信息及框图信息可以推知A、B、C的结构简式分别为

(4)反应I为甲苯的氧化反应,反应II、反应IV、反应III为取代反应。

(5)在氢氧化钠水溶液中发生的是取代反应,+NaOH→+NaCl

点评:有机物的推断要注意条件往往是很好的突破口。

阅读理解

A new system that scans customers’ fingerprints and deducts (扣除) the grocery bill from their bank accounts has taken supermarkets in southwestern Germany by storm and is being picked up by hardware stores, school restaurants and even bars are picking it up.

The Edeka supermarket chain is the first retail (零售) business in Germany to use the new system. “Almost a quarter of our customers pay with their fingers,” said an employee at the headquarters. Edeka has tried the system at 70 of its supermarkets and customers like it.

“At first we thought that only the young who really keep up with the latest technology would be interested, but we were wrong,” said Stefan Sewoester from IT Werke. “Almost two-thirds of the people who use the system are 40 and older,” he said.

IT Werke, a computer company, is one of the pioneers of fingerprint payment software in Germany. It has helped about 150 shops, restaurants and bars to put in the fingerprint scanning machines.

To sign up for the service, customers must have their fingerprints taken and leave their addresses and banking details with the shop. The shop then takes the cost of goods directly out of the customer’s bank account.

“It is a godsend for elderly people because they do not have to remember their pin-code to pay with their bank cards, or to look around for their glasses or cash.” Sewoester said.

The stores benefit from the system, too. It saves more than time in the check-out line. It also cuts out the hidden costs of accepting electronic card payments.

Fingerprint date profiling has long been used to control access and for other security purposes in Germany’s airports, laboratories and nuclear power plants. IT Werke plans to keep refining the retail use of the system. It wants to introduce fingerprint payment in school restaurants with an additional feature that might appeal to parents-they could disable their children’s access to junk food.

1. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. Pay with Fingers.                                                B. New Development in Technology.

C. Supermarket Revolution.                                 D. Change in Computer Software.

2. Most of the people who use the fingerprint system are ______.

A. youngsters                B. housewives               C. IT fans              D. the elderly

3. The underlined word “godsend” probably means ______.

A. great fortune     sent by God                          B. good luck sent by God

C. good things that happen unexpectedly                    D. gift sent by God

4. What do we know by inference from the passage?

A. Fewer shops will try the new software because of the cost.

B. The new service requires certain personal information.

C. IT Werke should be the largest computer company in Germany.

D. The new change in payment only benefits elderly people.

多项选择题