问题 问答题

(15分)工业上设计将VOSO4中的K2SO4、SiO2杂质除去并回收得到V2O5的流程如下:

请回答下列问题:

(1)步骤①所得废渣的成分是          (写化学式),操作I的名称        

(2)步骤②、③的变化过程可简化为(下式R表示VO2+,HA表示有机萃取剂):

R2(SO4)n (水层)+ 2nHA(有机层)2RAn(有机层) + nH2SO (水层) 

②中萃取时必须加入适量碱,其原因是                                                     

③中X试剂为                            

(3)④的离子方程式为                                      

(4)25℃时,取样进行试验分析,得到钒沉淀率和溶液pH之间关系如下表:

pH1.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.02.1
钒沉淀率%88.194.896.598.098.898.896.493.189.3
结合上表,在实际生产中,⑤中加入氨水,调节溶液的最佳pH为             ;若钒沉淀率为93.1%时不产生Fe(OH)3沉淀,则溶液中c(Fe3+)<           。〖已知:25℃时,Ksp[Fe(OH)3]=2.6×10-39

(5)该工艺流程中,可以循环利用的物质有                                    

答案

(1)SiO2,过滤;(2)加入碱中和硫酸,促使平衡正向移动,提高钒的萃取率,H2SO4

(3)6VO2++ClO3-+9H2O=6VO3-+Cl-+18H+;(4)1.7~1.8 ,26×10-3mol/L;

(5)氨气(或氨水),有机萃取剂

题目分析:(1)在K2SO4、SiO2、VOSO4中只有SiO2不能在水中溶解,因此步骤①所得废渣的成分是SiO2。将难溶性固体与溶液分离的操作是过滤。因此操作I的名称为过滤。(2)②中萃取时必须加入适量碱,其原因是加入碱中和前边反应产生的硫酸,促使平衡正向移动,提高钒的萃取率,③中X试剂为H2SO4。(3)在含有VO2+、SO42-的水在加入氧化剂KClO3可以把+4价的VO2+氧化为+5价的VO3-。因此根据电荷守恒及电子守恒,结合质量守恒定律,可知该步骤的离子方程式为6VO2++ClO3-+9H2O =6VO3 -+Cl-+ 18H+;(4)根据25℃时,钒沉淀率和溶液pH之间关系表格数据可知zai pH为1.7、1.8时钒沉淀率最高。因此调节溶液的最佳pH为1.7~1.8,若钒沉淀率为93.1%,则pH="2.0," c(H+)=10-2mol/L, c(OH-)=10-12,此时不产生Fe(OH)3沉淀,根据Ksp[Fe(OH)3]=2.6×10-39,则溶液中c(Fe3+)< Fe(OH)3÷c3(OH-) =2.6×10-39 ÷(10-12)3=2.6×10-3mol/L。(5)根据流程示意图可知:该工艺流程中,可以循环利用的物质有氨气(或氨水)和有机萃取剂。

完形填空
完形填空(共20小题; 每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读短文, 掌握大意, 然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出一个最佳答案,并在答题卡将该项涂黑。
For Chinese students, the end of their senior year is filled with studying and 36 when they prepare for the college entrance exams in June. But for American high school seniors, the experience 37 be more different. It is a celebration of their time in high school and 38 parties, games and fun.
Seniorities is a commonly used 39 . It means seniors have a disease which 40 them unable to do work. This starts in April, 41 seniors find out whether they have been accepted to university.
Unwilling to do school work, seniors have plenty of 42 activities to focus on.
Many school have a “Senior Show”. Only seniors are allowed to perform in it. Some seniors sing 43 dance but many of them perform skits (滑稽短剧).They 44 their favorite teachers or their friends. For example, a group of boys may 45 and imitate a group of their friends. It is all 46 .
The “Senior Show” is just a part of Senior Week — the week 47 intended for seniors. During this week, seniors usually get academic or athletic 48 for their wonderful jobs in high school. They also vote 49 one of their male and female classmates who they believe 50 the best-looking or funniest or most involved, etc. These are then 51 in the yearbook.
The yearbook is an important part of high school for seniors. There are all their pictures and some words from them in it. Seniors will 52 to get 53 signed by their friends so they can always remember their time together.
The end of 54 is a truly special and wonderful time for American students. It’s 55 they will remember for the rest of their lives.
小题1:
A.attitudes
B.stress
C.difficulty
D.experience
小题2:
A.shouldn’t
B.needn’t
C.couldn’t
D.mustn’t
小题3:
A.consists of
B.makes up
C.makes for
D.forms
小题4:
A.translation
B.explanation
C.expression
D.depression
小题5:
A.allows
B.asks
C.means
D.makes
小题6:
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.when
小题7:
A.another
B.others
C.other
D.the other
小题8:
A.or
B.and
C.also
D.nor
小题9:
A.play with 
B.make fun of 
C.take in
D.act as
小题10:
A.put up
B.dress up
C.pack up
D.stand up
小题11:
A.open-mouthed
B.tongue-tied
C.hand-emptied
D.light-hearted
小题12:
A.specially
B.normally
C.doubtfully
D.obviously
小题13:
A.jobs 
B.positions
C.chances
D.awards
小题14:
A.against
B.with
C.for
D.over
小题15:
A.were 
B.are
C.was
D.is
小题16:
A.written
B.appeared
C.published 
D.signed
小题17:
A.go around
B.go away
C.go through
D.go over
小题18:
A.them
B.it
C.these
D.one
小题19:
A.senior show
B.senior week
C.senior year
D.senior students
小题20:
A.something
B.anything
C.nothing
D.everything
 
单项选择题 A1/A2型题