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问题 选择题

17世纪，法国财政大臣柯尔贝形象地将征税比喻成拔鹅毛：“征税的艺术就像从鹅身上拔毛，既要多拔鹅毛，又要少让鹅叫。”他的依据是

A．税收的强制性

B．税收的无偿性

C．税收的固定性

D．征税要合理

答案

答案：D

题目分析：题中柯尔贝的观点，征税的艺术就像从鹅身上拔毛，既要多拔鹅毛，又要少让鹅叫，是强调征税要注重其合理性，既要尽可能的多收税款，同时又要让老百姓能够接受，即征税要合理，故D入选。ABC选项观点与题意不符，题中没有强调税收的强制性、无偿性、固定性，强制性、无偿性、固定性都与少让鹅叫不符，题中是强调征税的合理性，故排除。

填空题

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people’s and nation’s wants. The problem we are faced with is that our (1) , here identified as money, are (2) . The only way we can resolve our (3) is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of (4) and identify the things we need (5) , those we can postpone, and (6) we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics — deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide ourselves with the greatest (7) of our wants.
Nations face the same problem. As a country’s population (8) , the need for more goods and services grows (9) . Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are (10) enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a (11) . Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living-room, in the conference room of the corporation (12) of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find (13) of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in (14) abundance that economists had no concern about (15) of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are in (16) very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately pay for the producers’ extra costs, and (17) tax-payers who pay for the government’s involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are (18) . Only by effort and money can they be (19) in the form people wish.
Meeting the needs of people and the demands from resources available leads to the basic activity of production. In trying to (20) unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
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