问题 填空题

呋喃酚是合成农药的重要中间体,其合成路线如下:

                            C        D     E(呋喃酚)

(1)A在空气中久置会由无色转变为棕褐色,其原因是____________________,A在核磁共振氢谱中有____________组峰。

(2)B→C的反应类型是__________________________________。

(3)已知X的分子式为C4H7Cl。写出A→B的化学方程式__________________。

(4)要鉴别化合物C和D,适宜的试是_________________________________。

(5)B的同分异构体很多,符合下列条件的有______种,写出其中能发生银镜反应的同分异构体的结构简式:__________________(任写一种)。

①苯的衍生物 ②有两个互为对位的取代基

③含有酯基

答案

(1)A被空气中的O2氧化 3   (2)取代反应

(3)

(4)溶液或浓溴水

(5)10 ;

题目分析:(1)根据A的结构简式可知,A分子中含有酚羟基,极易被空气中的氧气氧化而变色。由于2个酚羟基是邻位的关系,因此分子中的氢原子共分为3类,则A在核磁共振氢谱中有3组峰。

(2)根据B和C的结构简式可知,B生成C的反应相当于是B分子中羟基上的氢原子被-OCCH3所取代,因此该反应是取代反应。

(3)同样分析可知,A生成B的反应相当于是羟基上的氢原子,被烃基所取代,所以根据X的化学式可知,该反应的化学方程式是

(4)C和D相比,D中含有酚羟基,C中没有酚羟基。所以要鉴别化合物C和D,适宜的试是氯化铁溶液或浓溴水。

(5)有两个互为对位的取代基,且含有酯基,所以其中1个取代基是甲基,则对位的取代基可以是-OOCCH2CH3、或者是-CH2OOCCH3,或者是-CH2CH2OOCH,或者是-COOCH2CH3,或者是-CH2COOCH3;如果其中1个取代基是乙基,则对位的取代基可以是-OOCCH3,或者是-CH2OOCH,或者是-COOCH3;如果其中1个取代基是丙基,则对位取代基可以是-OOCH,其中丙基有种,所以共计是10种。其中能发生银镜反应,说明是甲酸形成的酯,所以同分异构体的结构简式有

点评:该题是高考中的常见题型,属于中等难度的试题。试题贴近高考,综合性强,在注重对学生基础知识巩固与训练的同时,侧重对学生能力的培养与解题方法的指导和训练。该类试题能较全面地考查学生的有机化学基础知识和逻辑思维能力、创造思维能力,提高学生的应试能力和答题效率,也有利于培养学生的自学能力和知识的迁移能力。该题的关键是记住常见官能团的结构、性质以及官能团之间的相互转化,然后结合题意灵活运用即可。

阅读理解

C

Are you afraid of change? Whether it is you personally or the working/living environment around you that changes, change will happen, it’s one guarantee I can give you and if you want success you need to make changes too.

Throughout the history of mankind changes have happened and they will continue to do so until the end of time. I do not think I need give you a list of any of these events they are obvious to us all.

Where are you going with this Steve, I hear you saying to yourself, everyone knows that changes happen all the time and we as human beings adapt accordingly. Well, yes, I agree with you to a point, but in that case why are we all not living the life we want in the world we want?

Because some of us resist change, because we are afraid of the unknown factors that change may bring into our lives.

Stop resisting and the changes will happen automatically, that is what happened to me when I started using hypnosis(睡眠状态) and mediation (沉思)to help me come to terms with the changes I needed to make to get out of Going Nowhere Land. I honestly believe that if I had not lost my fear of change when I did that there is absolutely no way that I would be enjoying life and the success I am having as much as I do at this moment in time.

My intention is to carry on enjoying life to the full and to successfully help others to do the same and if that means making even more changes to my life, as it surely will, then bring them on and let’s get started.

It does not matter if you start off making small changes like getting up early so that you can share breakfast with your loved ones, take some exercise or meditating before going to work, start making those changes now. By getting into the habit of making changes, you will accept change into your life, you will begin to change more of your old habits into new and better ones and even enjoy the feeling that making those changes brings and the success that comes with them.

64. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Are you afraid of change?        B. Changing for success.

C. Why do you resist change.         D. Change brings happiness.

65. The underlined phrase “come to terms with” in the fifth paragraph probably means “_______ “

A. reach an agreement with            B. fight against

C. accept something unpleasant         D. overcome the bad consequences of

66. From the fifth paragraph we can infer that ___________.

A. the author has never been afraid of changes in his life.

B. the author used to believe that changes happened automatically

C. the author is still not satisfied with his present situation

D. the author had experienced a period of frustration(挫折) in his life

67. In the last paragraph, the author intends to ________.

A. list the necessary changes we ought to make

B. advise us to make any necessary changes

C. explain what changes can bring

D. explain the progress of making changes

填空题