问题 推断题

成环是有机合成的重要环节。如反应①

化合物I可由III合成:

(1)化合物I的分子式为          ,1molI最多能与      mol H2发生加成反应。

(2)写出化合物IV→ A的化学方程式                                

(3)酸性条件下,化合物B能发生聚合反应,化学方程式为                    

(4)化合物III与II也能发生类似反应①的反应,生成含两个六元环的化合物的结构简式为_________(任写一种)。

(5)下列物质与化合物V互为同分异构体的是         (填序号)。

        

①                   ②              ③                    ④

答案

(16分)说明;所有的化学方程式或结构简式写成一般结构简式或键线式同样得分;化学方程式没有注明反应条件或条件错误扣1分,化学式错误和不配平0分,下同。

(1)C10H10O2   (2分)     4  (2分)  

(2)  

       (3分) 

(3)

 (3分)

(4)    或       (2分)

(5)②④   (共4分,选对一个得2分,选错一个扣2分,直到扣完为止,不得负分)

题目分析:(1)数一数化合物I的结构简式中含有的C、H、O原子个数,可得其分子式为C10H10O2;观察可知,I中的1个苯环最多与3个H2加成,侧链上的1个C=C键与1个H2加成,酯基中的C=O键不能与H2加成,则1molI最多能与4molH2发生加成反应;(2)观察可知,化合物IV的官能团是羟基,其中1个羟基所连碳原子上无氢原子,不能发声催化氧化,而羟甲基可以被氧化为醛基,由此可以写出A的结构简式,也能写出该氧化反应的化学方程式;(3)A的官能团是醛基和羟基,羟基所连碳原子上无氢原子,只有醛基可以被氧化为羧基,由此可以确定B的结构简式,由于B既含羧基又含羟基,在一定条件下能发生缩聚反应,生成高聚酯和水,由此可以书写该反应的化学方程式;(4)观察可知,反应①是单烯烃与二烯烃发生的加成反应,单烯烃中C=C键中的1个键断裂,二烯烃中2个C=C键中各有1个键断裂,2、3号碳原子之间由原来的单键变为双键,二者结合成环己烯结构的有机物,化合物III与I结构相似,因此可以确定它与II发生加聚反应生成产物的结构简式,由于二烯烃结构简式中左右部对称,因此成环己烯时首尾相接的位置由两种可能的结构;(5)观察V的结构简式,可得其分子式为C9H8O2,观察①②③④的结构简式,可得其分子式分别为C9H10O2、C9H8O2、C9H10O2、C9H8O2,则②④是V的同分异构体。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A rabbit is running into his hole. You may ask, "What happened?"

     Well, when a rabbit sees something dangerous, it runs away. Its tail moves up and down as it runs.

When other rabbits see this tail moving up and down, they ran, too. They know there is danger. The

rabbit has told them something without making a sound. It has given them a signal.

     Many other animals use this kind of language. When a bee finds some food, it goes back to his home.

It can't tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does dance in the air. This tells

the bees where the food is.

     But animals say things by making sounds. A dog barks, for examples, when a stranger comes near.

A cat purrs (发出呼噜呼噜的声音) when pleased. Some birds make several different sounds, each with

its own meaning.   

     But human beings have something that no animals have-a large number of words about things, actions,

feelings or ideas. We are able to give each other information to tell or inform other people what is in our

mind or how we feel. By writing words down we can remind ourselves of the things that have happened,

or send messages to people far away. No animals can do this. No animals has the wonderful power of

language.

      No one knows how man learned to make words. Somehow he learned to make them. As centuries

went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.

      People in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred

different languages in the world. A very large English dictionary, for examples, contains four or five

hundred thousand words. But we don't know all these. The words we know are called vocabulary. We

should try to make our vocabulary larger. Read as many books as possible. When we met a new word,

look it up in the dictionary. A dictionary is the most useful book.

1. When a rabbit gives the other rabbits a signal of danger, it _______.

A. runs into its hole

B. stops to move its tail

C. runs with its tail moving up and down

D. stops moving its tail up and down as it runs

2. A dog can tell something _______.

A. by giving signals

B. by making different sounds 

C. by purring

D. by barking

3. It has been proved that no animals are able to _______.

A. give the others information

B. tell others how it feels

C. express it actions and feelings with words

D. make different sounds, each with its own meaning

4. Generally speaking, what we mean by "vocabulary" is _______.

A. all the words that we know

B. more and more words we use

C. all the words we need

D. the dictionary which contains thousands of words

5. What must we do in order to make our vocabulary larger?

A. Make more and more new words.

B. Learn more languages.

C. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

D. Try to read as many books as possible.

判断题