问题 填空题

身边处处有化学,它与我们的生活、学习密切相关。请你选用下列物质填空 (填序号):

①小苏打 ②酒精③食醋 ④活性炭 ⑤氯化钠

(1)用于除去冰箱异味的是      

(2)用于治疗胃酸过多症的药剂是      ; 

(3)能除去热水瓶中少量水垢的是      

(4)实验室中常用的燃料是      

(5)医疗上用于配制生理盐水的是      

答案

(1)④   (2)①  (3)③ (4)② (5)⑤

:(1)除去冰箱异味可利用活性炭的吸附性,因此用于除去冰箱异味的物质应选用活性炭;

(2)胃酸即盐酸,能与小苏打碳酸氢钠反应,因此治疗胃酸过多症的药剂可选用小苏打;

(3)水垢主要成分为碳酸钙,能与酸发生反应而除去,因此除去热水瓶中少量水垢可选用食醋;

(4)实验室常用的加热仪器为酒精灯,酒精灯内的燃料为酒精;

(5)生理盐水是指0.9%的氯化钠溶液,因此配制生理盐水需选用氯化钠;

故答案为:(1)④;(2)①;(3)③;(4)②;(5)⑤.

阅读理解

Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language. Our everyday speech is made up in large part of words like probably, many, soon, great, little. What do these words mean?Such verbal expression is not necessarily to be criticized. Indeed, it has a value just because it allows us to express judgments when a precise quantitative statement is out of the question.

We have been trying to pin down by experiments what people mean by these expressions in specific contexts, and how the meanings change with age. For instance, a subject is told “There are many trees in the park” and is asked to say what number the word many mean to him. Or a child is invited to take “some” sweets from a bowl and we then count how many he has taken. We compare the number he takes when he is alone with the number when one or more other children are present and are to take some sweets after him, or with the number he takes when told to give “some” sweets to another child.

First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved. To most people some friends means about five, while some trees means about twenty. However, unrelated areas sometimes show parallel values. For instance, the language of probability seems to mean about the same thing in predictions about the weather and about politics: the expression “is certain to” (rain, or be elected) signifies to the average person about a 70 percent chance; “is likely to”, about a 60 percent chance; “probably will” about 55 percent.

Secondly, the size of the population of items influences the value assigned to an expression. Thus, if we tell a subject to take “a few” or “ a lot of” glass balls from a box, he will take more if the box contains a large number of glass balls than if it has a small number. But not proportionately more: if we increase the number of glass balls eight times, the subject takes only half as large a percentage of the total.

Thirdly, there is a marked change with age. Among children between six and fourteen years old, the older the child, the fewer glass balls he will take. But the difference between a lot and a few widens with age. This age effect is so consistent that it might be used as a test of intelligence.

小题1: What’s the right attitude towards the words like probably, many, soon?

A.They are inaccurate and we should avoid them.

B.They are necessary since we cannot be always precise.

C.They should be criticized because there are too many of them.

D.Their value is not yet clear since we don’t know their meaning.小题2: Why do we do experiments with the words “many” and “some”?

A.To prove people are insensitive to these words.

B.To prove the words dominate our everyday speech.

C.To find out how the meanings vary with age and contexts.

D.To find out whether the words can mean a precise quantity.小题3: Which of the expressions means a larger chance in weather broadcast?

A.Possible

B.Probable

C.Be likely to

D.Be certain to小题4: Which of the following will least definitely influence the number of items a kid takes out of a box when he is invited to take “some”?

A.Whether the quantity of items is large or small.

B.Whether the items are candies or toys.

C.Whether the kid is a toddler or a youngster.

D.Whether the kid is alone or accompanied by other children.小题5: What will tell us about the intelligence of a child?

A.The consistency of picking up a certain glass ball.

B.How many glass balls he will take when he’s asked to.

C.The difference between a lot and a few when he takes glass balls.

D.Whether there are marked changes in his first pick and second one.

单项选择题