问题 阅读理解与欣赏

江南无雪

刘长春

①故乡的冬天留给我童年与少年的,是飘雪的记忆。

②向暮时节,天阴沉着脸,云被风追着跑得飞快,气温骤降到零下几度的时候,大人们抬头望一眼灰暗的天空,说是“快要下雪了”! 

③不一会儿,先是窸窸窣窣的“雨夹雪”,那雨点伴随天然六角的晶体敲打着屋背的黑瓦,就如音乐家灵巧的手轻轻地划过琴键,叮叮咚咚。多少年过去了,这碎玉之声还萦回在我的耳际。夜里总是睡不稳,几次三番爬出被窝拉开窗帘看一眼,外面是不是真的下雪了。雪,说不上是什么时候,在人不知不觉中斜刺里飘落了。屋外,清冷的月光下,没有人踏雪而行,用不着着急,像林冲那样,一步高,一步低,踉踉跄跄,捉脚不住,雪夜上梁山。路上无人,田野无人。只有被风追逐着的雪,上下旋转着,左右飞舞着,飘飘洒洒,疏疏密密,忽而转身腾空,忽而前展双臂,然后,一头扑向期待拥抱她的大地。我想象这是在灯光雪亮的舞台上,大自然正在上演一场优美的舞蹈,而雪的舞蹈是一种诗意的语言,关于天的辽远,关于风的吟唱,关于云的彩衣,关于雨的精魂……满心欢喜地躺回被窝,睡梦中又好像听见了,那纷至沓来的雪的脚步——走进我家的院子了,铺在你家的门槛外了,镶上他家的窗台了,漫过田间高高低低的小路了,平齐河边弯月似的石桥了……

④清晨推门,眼前一亮:昨夜隔壁瓦屋纸窗外的世界,一片洁白。昨日地上堆满落叶还显得一片狼藉的院子,现在被大雪所掩盖,像在上面盖了一块洁白的手巾;两株挺拔的枣树,威风凛凛地披挂着银色的甲胄,从四面八方伸出雪白的手臂,指向天空;小河结了厚冰,听不见流淌的声音,没有桥,也无须桥,有一种无形的力量吸引着人一直走到对岸。河那边是田野,眺望与地平线相接的远处,也是覆盖了皑皑大雪的白线。那白雪是披在原野身上冬天的被子。在那里,“大地也睡着了——这不是长眠,这似乎是它辛勤一年以来的第一次安睡。”

当我不再是孩子,而是孩子的父亲的时候,关于雪的记忆也就逐渐淡漠了。孩子们却没有忘记童话里的白雪公主,向往冬天,向往寒冷,向往雪花飘飘的日子……可是冬天已经变得暖和了,没有寒冷,也没有雪。有几个冬日,天阴沉着脸,云被风追赶着跑得飞快,气温又骤然下降了,看样子是下雪的天气。还在上小学的儿子,迫不及待地问我:“爸爸,什么时候下雪?”我说:“快了,这天准下雪!”可是,雪,向往中的雪,孩子眼里的雪,被人千呼万唤着的雪,总是没有落下来。是啊,“你的睫毛上和舌头上/没有落过甜雪花/怎能说懂得温柔/你没有审视过六角的雪花/你没有见过积雪成冰/没有听过夜半的冰裂/怎能说懂得创造、破坏和一尘不染的纯洁……”

⑥江南的冬天怎么不下雪了?四季不再分明了?我回答不上。也许,孩子长大了,长了知识,一切都会自己解答。

⑦但是,我盼望雪,依然想念过去有雪的日子。“晚来天欲雪,能饮一杯无?”现在,我家里有酒,有“火炉”,独酌以外,也喜欢雪夜有人敲门,举杯共饮,作通宵长谈。明朝酒醒,不妨雇一条小舟,一起往东湖看雪……

小题1:第③段中,作者写了哪些“飘雪的记忆”?请分条写出。(3分)

小题2:请从修辞的角度赏析第④段画线句的妙处。(4分)

小题3:第⑤段画线句在文中有什么作用?请具体分析。(4分)

小题4:本文题为“江南无雪”,文中却用大量篇幅写雪,请根据全文说说作者这样写有何目的?(3分)

答案

小题1:(3分)①听落雪的碎玉之声;②多次爬出被窝看雪;③梦中的雪景。

小题2:(4分)运用比喻、拟人的修辞手法,生动形象地写出了雪后的洁净和宁静。

小题3:(4分)①照应题目“江南无雪”(1分);②承上启下(过渡)(1分),从上文的雪景描写、雪天盼望引起下文对“江南无雪’的思考和忧虑(1分);③表达作者对雪强烈的盼望之情。(1分)

小题4:(3分)以昔日大雪反衬今日无雪,表现对环境恶化的忧虑和环境早日改善的愿望(1分);以我童年赏雪和儿子无雪可赏对照,希望孩子有快乐丰富的童年,能更好地认识自然和人生(1分);以现实的无雪和想象中的夜饮赏雪相映衬,表达对人生美好情趣的渴望(1分)。

小题1:

题目分析:以人物的活动为线索,以“雪”为中心,根据时间、地点的变化,划分文段内容的节点,一一概括。

小题2:

题目分析:赏析句子,要根据句子的内容和表达方面从运用的写作手法、表现的情境、表达的情感几个方面来分析,指出其精彩巧妙之处。要用评价语“形象生动”“突出”等。本题是写景的,要说明其修辞方法和表现了景物什么特点。

小题3:

题目分析:根据上下文的内容,从照应文题、过渡和表达作者情感等方面来分析。

小题4:

题目分析:阅读全文,从时间、空间和人的内心世界三个方面来理解作者将“有雪”“无雪”进行对比的反衬作用,从作者对环境、生活的期盼来理解作者这样写的用意。要点明“对比”“反衬”这些写作方法。

阅读理解

Talking to plants makes them grow, especially if you ‘re a woman ,according to an experiment by the Ryal  Horticultural Society(RHS皇家园艺学会).

Women gardeners’ voices speed up growth of tomato plants much more than men’s, it found.

In an experiment that ran over a month, they found that tomato plants grew up  two inches taller if they were serenaded by the sweet tones of a female rather tha a male.

Appropriately the most effective talk came from Sarah Darwin ,whose great-great grandfather was legendary botanist(植物学家)Charles Darwin, one of the founding fathers of the RHS’ Scientific Committee. She read a passage from On the Orgin of Species and beat nine other”voices”.

Her plant grew nearly two inches taller than the best performing male and half an inch higher than her nearest competitor.

The experment began in Apirl,2009 at RHS Garden Wisley in Surrey. A variety of recorded voices were picked to play to 10 taomato plants over a month. Every plant was played a voice through headphones connected to the plant pot, and the conditions for all the plants remained the same throughout the experiment. To ensure the experiment was fair, two control plants were also left to grow in silence.

The results showed that women on average saw their plants rise by an inch on their male competitors. Some men were so bad that their plants actually grew less than a plant that was left completely alone.

Colin Crosbie, the leader at RHS, said:”We’re not sure why the female voice is more effecitive, It could be that they have a greater range of pitch and tone that affects the sound waves that hit the plant. Sound waves are an emvironmental effect just like rain or light.”

67.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Plants can’t grow faster without female voices

B. Women’s voices are more useful than men’s

C. Women’s voices make plants grow faster

D. Voices have positive effects on the growth of plants

68.The underlined word”serenaded” in Paragraph 3 most probably means”________”.

A.sung songs to

B.spoken to

C.talked about

D. played music to

69.According to the passage, ten_________were used in the experiment.

A.tomato plants

B.headphones

C. tape recorders

D.plant pots

70.What can we know about the findings of the experiment from the passage?

A. The women’s voices made the palnts grow faster by half an inch than the men’s.

B.Sarah Darwin’s plant grew 2 inches taller than her neraest competitor’s.

C. The plants which grew in silence did not necessarily grow the slowest

D. The women’s plants grew 2 inches taller than the men’s on average.

问答题 简答题