问题 问答题

简述霍乱的主要临床类型。

答案

参考答案:临床上根据霍乱病情严重程度可分为轻、中、重三型。①轻型:每日腹泻数次,一般少于10次,大便稀薄,有粪质,精神状态无大变化、口唇及身体其他部分皮肤正常或略干,脉搏正常,尿量正常或略少,收缩压正常,无肌肉痉挛。脱水不明显。②中型:每日腹泻10一20次,大便呈黄水样、清水样或米泔水样,无粪质,患者精神淡漠或不安,口唇及身体其他部分皮肤干、缺乏弹性,眼窝下限,脉搏细速,尿量每日少于400ml,收缩压低,肌肉痉挛。③重型:每日腹泻超过20次,表现极度烦躁、甚至昏迷,口唇及身体其他部分皮肤无弹性,眼窝深陷,脉搏细弱、甚至无脉,尿量每日少于50m1,甚至无尿,收缩压甚至测不到,肌肉严重痉挛。干性霍乱为一种罕见的特殊临床类型,起病后迅速进入休克状态,无泻吐或泻吐较轻,无脱水或仅轻度脱水,但有严重中毒性循环衰竭。

单项选择题
单项选择题

In the end, a degree of sanity prevailed. The militant Hindus who had vowed to breach a police cordon and start the work of building a temple to the god Ram at the disputed site of Ayodhya decided to respect a Supreme Court decision barring them from the area. So charged have Hindu-Muslim relations in India become in recent weeks, as the declared deadline of March 15th neared, that a clash at Ram’s supposed birthplace might well have provoked bloodshed on an appalling scale across the nation. It has, unfortunately, happened often enough before.

But the threat has not vanished. The court’s decision is only an interim one, and the main Hindu groups have not given up on their quest to build their temple. Extreme religious violence, which seemed in recent years to have faded after the Ayodhya-related explosion of 1992--1993, is again a feature of the political landscape. Though faults lie on both sides (it was a Muslim attack on Hindus in a train in Gujarat that started the recent slaughter), the great bulk of victims were, as always, Muslims. Once again, educated Hindus are.to be heard inveighing against the "appeasing" of Muslims through such concessions as separate constitutional status for Kashmir or the right to practice Islamic civil law. Once again, the police are being accused of doing little or nothing to help Muslim victims of rampaging Hindu mobs. Once again, India’s 130m Muslims feel unequal and unsafe in their own country. Far too many Hindus would refuse to accept that it is “their own country" at all.

The wonder of it, perhaps, is that things are not worse. While the world applauds Pakistan for at last locking up the leaders of its extreme religious groups, in India the zealots still support, sustain and to a degree constitute the government. The BJP, which leads the ruling coalition, was founded as a political front for the Hindu movement. It is simply one, and by no means the dominant, member of what is called the Sangh Pariwar, the "family of organizations". Other members of the family are much less savoury. There is the VHP, the World Hindu Organization, which led the movement to build the Ram temple. There is the Bajrang Dal, the brutalist "youth wing" of the VHP. There is substantial evidence that members of the VHP and the Bajrang Dal helped to organize the slaughter of hundreds of Muslims in Gujarat after 58 Hindus were killed on a train as they returned from Ayodhya.

What does the writer wants to illustrate with "a Muslim attack on Hindus on a train in Gujarat"()

A. The brutality of extreme Indian policemen

B. Frequent clashes between Hindus and Muslims

C. The cruelty as shown by Hindus to Muslims

D. The disappearance of extreme religious violence