问题 推断题

已知:

水杨酸酯E为紫外吸收剂,可用于配制防晒霜。E的一种合成路线如下:

 

请回答下列问题:

(1)一元醇A中氧的质量分数约为21.6%。则A的分子式为         ;结构分析显示A只有一个甲基,A的名称为           

(2)B能与新制的Cu(OH)2发生反应,该反应的化学方程式为           

(3)C有    种结构;若一次取样,检验C中所含官能团,按使用的先后顺序写出所用试剂     

(4)第③的反应类型为         ;D所含官能团的名称为        

(5)写出同时符合下列条件的水杨酸所有同分异构体的结构简式:     

A、分子中含有6个碳原子在一条线上         

B、分子中所含官能团包括水杨酸具有的官能团

(6)第④步的反应条件为          ;写出E的结构简式          

答案

(1)C4H10O   1-丁醇(或正丁醇)

(2)CH3CH2CH2CHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH3CH2CH2COONa+Cu2O↓+3H2O

(3)2;银氨溶液、稀盐酸、溴水(或其他合理答案);

(4)还原反应(或加成反应);羟基;

(5)

(6)浓硫酸、加热;

选本题的意图,就是提醒同学们,特别注意定量关系在有机推断中的应用,把做过的有定量试题归类,特别是有关官能团数目的确定。一元醇A中氧的质量分数约为21.6%,设该饱和一元醇的化学式为CnH2n+2O,16÷21.6%=74,则n=4,且A中只有一个甲基,所以该一元醇是1-丁醇。

(1)通过以上分析知,A的分子式为:C4H10O,结构分析显示A只有一个甲基,A的名称为1-丁醇;

(2)加热条件下,丁醛和新制氢氧化铜反应生成丁酸钠、氧化亚铜和水,反应方程式为:CH3CH2CH2CHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH3CH2CH2COONa+Cu2O↓+3H2O

(3)丁醛发生加成反应生成物的结构简式为:CH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH(CH2CH3)CHO,CH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH(CH2CH3)CHO发生消去反应有两种生成物,C中含有醛基和碳碳双键,都能和溴水反应,要检验两种官能团,则应先用银氨溶液检验醛基,然后再用溴水检验碳碳双键,所以所加试剂先后顺序是:银氨溶液、稀盐酸、溴水;

(4)C和氢气发生加成反应(或还原反应)生成D,C中的醛基被还原生成羟基,所以D中含有羟基。

(5)写出水杨酸所有同分异构体的结构简式:水杨酸除了羧基,苯环的不饱和度为4,写6个碳原子在一条直线上时,应该有碳碳叁键两个。

(6)第④步的反应是酯化反应,根据乙酸乙酯的反应条件知,该反应条件是浓硫酸作催化剂、加热,通过以上分析知,E的结构简式为

 

选择题
完形填空
My husband hasn’t stopped laughing about the thing that happened to me. It’s  16  now but it wasn’t that time.
Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in town, I  17  a rest before catching the train, so I bought a   18  and some chocolate and went to the station coffee shop that was a cheap, self-service place with long   19 to sit at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, put the newspaper and chocolate on the table to   20  a place and went to get a cup of coffee.
When I came back with the coffee, there was someone in the   21   seat. It was one of those   22  young man, with dark glasses and torn clothes, and hair colored bright 23  at the front, not so unusual these days. What did   24  me was he’d started to eat my chocolate! Naturally, I was annoyed. However, to avoid trouble—then really I was rather uneasy about him—I just   25  down at the front page of the newspaper, tasted my coffee, and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me    26   . then he took another piece of my chocolate. I could hardly   27  it. Still I didn’t want to start an argument. When he took a  28    piece , I felt more  29  than annoyed. I thought, “ Well, I shall have the last piece.” And I  30  it.
The boy gave me a   31  look, and then stood up. As he left, he shouted out, “This woman is mad!” Everyone   32  . That really made me feel silly, but it was   33   when I finished my coffee and got ready to leave. My face went red—as red as his hair when I   34    I’d made a mistake. It wasn’t my chocolate he’d been taking. There was mine, unopened, just under my  35   .
小题1:
A.seriousB.wonderfulC.funnyD.exciting
小题2:
A.enjoyedB.tookC.hadD.wanted
小题3:
A.cakeB.newspaperC.magazineD.bag
小题4:
A.chairsB.tablesC.benchesD.beds
小题5:
A.orderB.findC.keepD.visit
小题6:
A.veryB.sameC.freeD.next
小题7:
A.wild-lookedB.wild-lookingC.good-lookingD.good-looked
小题8:
A.redB.blackC.brownD.white
小题9:
A.interestB.surpriseC.frightenD.hurt
小题10:
A.lookedB.layC.satD.put
小题11:
A.eagerlyB.friendlyC.closelyD.shyly
小题12:
A.believeB.hearC.noticeD.stop
小题13:
A.lastB.bigC.singleD.third
小题14:
A.angryB.luckyC.happyD.curious
小题15:
A.coveredB.threwC.gotD.wrapped
小题16:
A.strangeB.exhaustingC.nervousD.pleasant
小题17:
A.agreedB.promisedC.staredD.followed
小题18:
A.betterB.worseC.laterD.easier
小题19:
A. wonderedB.realizedC.decidedD.recognized
小题20:
A.bagsB.clothesC.bookD.newspaper