问题 阅读理解与欣赏

地 气

苏沧桑

①晚饭后,光脚走在客厅里,觉得很“隔”——脚下每一寸地面,木头不是原来的木头,石头不是原来的石头。“出去?”我蹲下身,故意张大嘴,用嘴型不出声地问我的吉娃娃。如我所料,它愣了半秒,触电般弹起来,疯狂转圈,奔向大门,举起前爪拼命扒拉门缝。

②出了家门,还不是“出去”。先是电梯,再是一楼大厅,下台阶,终于,到了“外面”。此刻,我脚下踩的,还不是土地,所有的路,都铺着地砖、鹅卵石,或草坪,如化了浓妆的脸,看不到一丝丝原来的皮肤。小区花园是一个高仿真的湿地,可是溪水泄露了人工的秘密——面色凝重、心事重重的样子。无意间,我趴在木椅上歪着头看,发现,从上面看很清的水,从侧面看漂着一层油光。

③人不知道的危险,狗知道。溪流上一段长长的曲桥,棕色的原木,古朴的风格,很美。但吉娃娃每次到这儿,总是死活不肯走。我估计,它异常灵敏的耳朵一定听到了曲桥的隐隐震动,它的鼻子闻到了油漆和防水防腐不明物质。它一定想,这桥不真,不牢,有毒,危险。我拉它,哄它,它才逃也似地缩着腰一路狂跑,跃到岸上。终于到了花园中心。娃娃停下来,望着我,它知道,我的目的地到了——一小块真正的泥土地,让我光着脚,站一站。

④一丝凉意钻进脚心,瞬间蔓延到每根经络,慢慢输送到每个毛孔,一种因为粗糙而温暖、因为温暖而馨香的感觉,真真实实从脚到头,如醍醐灌顶!儿时学自行车摔到农田里,那沁人心脾的泥腥味;翘檐的老屋;后山的小溪、映山红和一座座老坟;外塘姨婆家海泥鳅的无比鲜美,沙子炒蚕豆让人心碎的香,刚出锅的小葱炒土豆,鸡鸭狗打架;黑白照片里母亲的纯美;上学路边一丛比太阳还艳的野菊花;毛竹搭的戏台;母亲亲手做的嫁衣;异乡街头飘来的家乡海鲜汤年糕的味道;泛黄的手写书稿;黑板上熠熠生辉的词语——淳朴、诚信、正直、坦荡、理想、快乐……我站在原地,闭着眼,一动不动,任脑海里万水千山。被所谓的知性、成熟,以及麻木、习惯所覆盖的最本真、最简单、最美好的一切,在这一刻,全部由这一缕地气来唤醒。

⑤假如四周无人,我会在草地上躺下。眼前只有天,看一颗星在渐渐发暗的空中慢慢亮起来,心也跟着悠远广阔起来。有时和小女一起出来,我让她也躺下,化解一下那些白天没有解开的结:孩子累学业,大人累所谓事业,这就是“文明”的代价。最后,总是娃娃抻着狗绳,拉我离开我的目的地,去往它的目的地。它的目的地比我的简单,是不停留,是奔跑,是外面的任何地方。它是一条走丢了被我们捡来的狗,它一定也有过千山万水,曾为“外面”付出找不回家的沉痛代价,但它依然喜欢“外面”。

⑥这时候,一些窗户里传出新闻联播的音乐了。我开始惦记没看完的书,没改完的文章……脑子里都是没办完的事,没理清的纠结。如果天热或天冷,会开始惦记被空调处理过的空气,被冰箱处理过的饮料,被纯净过的纯净水——我矫情地追寻着那些“简单的远去”,骨子里却离不开眼前“复杂的文明”。夜里,躺在十一楼的床上,听见池塘里蛙声轰鸣,城市里的青蛙居然也能叫得如此肆无忌惮、沸反盈天?我把窗留条缝,让蛙声进来,让自己在错觉里进入梦乡:我是最初的人类,我和大地一起呼吸,一起睡,一起醒。

小题1:结合语境,说说下列句子中的加点词有何表达作用?(3分)

它异常灵敏的耳朵一定听到了曲桥的隐隐震动,它的鼻子闻到了油漆和防水防腐不明物质。它一定想,这桥不真,不牢,有毒,危险。

小题2:结合上下文,说说吉娃娃的目的地为什么比“我”的目的地简单。(3分)

小题3: 本文长短句结合,以短句为主,很有特点。请以第④段画线句为例,说说这样的语言表达有什么好处。(3分)

小题4:联系全文,说说第⑥段画线句寄寓了作者怎样的思想情感。(5分)

答案

小题1: (3分)用断定的语气反复加以肯定,(1分)突出强调了作者坚信吉娃娃一定感知到了曲桥潜在的危险,(1分)也表达了作者对人们身处危险却因为麻木和习惯对危险全然不觉的担忧。(1分)

小题2: (3分)吉娃娃的目的地是外面的任何地方,只要能出去,只要能自由奔跑就行;(1分)而“我”的目的地是一小块真正的泥土地,这是最自然本真的地方,(1分)而这样的地方由于现代文明的侵蚀正在不断地消逝和远去,所以很难到达。(1分)

小题3: (3分)语言具有节奏感,音乐美,(1分)突出了美好的记忆画面之多,在脑海中闪过的速度之快,(1分)表达了作者很享受这种带有温暖而馨香的感觉的记忆的唤醒。(1分)

小题4: (5分)表达了作者对不断消逝和远去的自然的固守,对最本真最简单最美好的一切的坚守,对现代文明侵蚀自然破坏自然的无奈,对被文明所累又离不开现代文明生活的无奈,对自然回归的渴望,对最本真最简单最美好的一切回归的渴望。

小题1:

题目分析:先判断该词加强语气的作用,然后根据上下文说明其强调了什么,表达了作者什么情感。

小题2:

题目分析:阅读全文,先了解“吉祥娃娃”与“我”的目的地是什么,然后再从作为人的“我”精神追求与动物生存的需要的不同解答问题。

小题3:

题目分析:从语言的节奏感、描述事物的画面感以及对表达“我”的情感方面概括回答。

小题4:

题目分析:此问涉及到本文的主旨问题,阅读后抓住文章的中心话题“自然环境的变化”“人类与自然的关系”理解作者的感慨,从作者追寻美丽的自然呼吁保护自然渴望回归自然等角度来概括主旨。

阅读理解

Many of us already know about several American superstitions(迷信). Having a black cat cross your path, walking under a ladder, and breaking a mirror are all bad luck. In addition, there are many other superstitions that are worth knowing. Understanding them will keep you safe from evil spirits —if you believe in such things —and impress your American friends when you mention them.

Like the superstitions in other cultures, American superstitions often involve the things important in daily life, such as health, numbers, and marriage. For example, have you ever had a cough that would not go away? According to one American superstition, you should take a piece of your hair and put it between two slices of buttered bread. Next, feed this hair sandwich to a dog and say, “Eat well, you hound, may you be sick and I be sound.” This will trick the evil spirits and help your cough. It will also raise some eyebrows if you try it.

In American superstitions, the number three is very important. Often, Americas will say, “All things come in threes.” Three is lucky because it represents the traditional family: mother, father, and child. Therefore, gifts, letters, and guests will often arrive at your home in groups of three. However, it is also possible for bad events, like accidents and funerals, to come in threes as well.

Another time people pay attention to superstitions is when they get married. During a wedding, brides must wear or carry “something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue”. The old and borrowed things will bring luck to the person who gives them to the bride. The new and blue things will bring good fortune to the bride herself. The next time someone you know is getting married, be sure to recite this phrase.

As it would be unlucky to discuss one more superstition, we will wind things up here. Keep your fingers crossed, and stay lucky!

小题1:The passage is most probably entitled        .

A.American’s Bad Luck

B.Cross-culture and Superstitions

C.American Superstitions

D.Daily Life in Superstitions小题2:The underlined sentence in the second paragraph “It will also raise some eyebrows if you try it.” means        .

A.when you try it, the dog will raise its eyebrows.

B.you will make people surprised when you try this trick

C.only if you raise your eyebrows can the trick work

D.you will believe in the trick after you try it小题3: In American’s view, the number three is a(n)         number.

A.lucky

B.unlucky

C.special

D.ordinary小题4: On the wedding, the bride often uses old and borrowed things so as to          .

A.save some money for the wedding

B.bring good luck to the people who give them to the bride

C.give the good luck to the bride herself

D.pass the bad luck to others小题5: After reading the passage, we may feel it is written in a         tone.

A.formal

B.serious

C.humorous

D.critical

单项选择题