问题 单项选择题

在软件生命周期中,能准确地确定软件系统必须做什么和必须具备哪些功能的阶段是 ______。

A.概要设计

B.详细设计

C.可行性分析

D.需求分析

答案

参考答案:D

解析:[知识点] 软件工程基本概念,软件生命周期概念,软件工具与软件开发环境[评析] 通常,将软件产品从提出、实现、使用维护到停止使用退役的过程称为软件生命周期。也就是说,软件产品从考虑其概念开始,到该软件产品不能使用为止的整个时期都属于软件生命周期。软件生命周期的主要活动阶段为:①可行性研究和计划制定。确定待开发软件系统的开发目标和总的要求,给出它的功能、性能、可靠性以及接口等方面的可行方案,制定完成开发任务的实施计划。②需求分析。对待开发软件提出的需求进行分析并给出详细定义,即准确地确定软件系统的功能。编写软件规格说明书及初步的用户手册,提交评审。③软件设计。系统设计人员和程序设计人员应该在反复理解软件需求的基础上,给出软件的结构、模块的划分、功能的分配以及处理流程。④软件实现。把软件设计转换成计算机可以接受的程序代码。即完成源程序的编码,编写用户手册、操作手册等面向用户的文档,编写单元测试计划。⑤软件测试。在设计测试用例的基础上,检验软件的各个组成部分。编写测试分析报告。⑥运行和维护。将已交付的软件投入运行,并在运行使用中不断地维护,根据新提出的需求进行必要而且可能的扩充和删改。

阅读理解与欣赏
阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(共5题,每小题2分,满分10分)

Active listening is an essential skill in learning. It is when you listen carefully to make sure you understand and learn the information that is being conveyed.   1   Here are some things which can help you to listen actively.

Listen for the main point and major subpoints(次要点). Don’t just write everything down. Listen carefully and make sure you understand what the purpose of this lecture is. As you take down notes, keep the main point in mind and make sure you understand how these notes are related.

Listen for an organizational structure. Listen carefully to figure out how the ideas are organized and they will make more sense.

Pay attention to organizational cues(暗示).   2  Pay close attention to the introduction, as it will probably indicate how you should organize your notes. If the lecture begins with, “ Today, I’m going to talk about three conflicts in the Middle East,” then you have a good idea of what’ s going to follow. Listen for “signpost” words to indicate a transition for one point to the next, such as “next” and “finally” and numerical signposts like “first” or “third”.

Listen with your eyes.    3  Watch the teacher and be aware of how he or she uses hand gestures, eye contact and other body language to convey points.

___4____ Put away the campus newspaper, your cell phone and anything else that might be more interesting than the lecture. Learning to concentrate and listen actively is an endurance(持久) skill.   5   

A. Speakers communicate information through nonverbal(不使用语言的) communication.

B. Unfortunately, many students don’t know how to listen actively when they attend classes.

C. If your teacher indicates that something is important ,mark it.

D. Make yourself do it, and it will get easier over time.E.  Listen carefully for words and phrases that reflect the organizational structure of the lecture.

F.  Your teachers’ notes are probably organized into some kind of outline.

G.  Remove distractions.