问题 单项选择题

计算机各部件之间传输信息的公共通路称为总线,一次传输信息的位数通常称为总线的()

A.宽度

B.长度

C.粒度

D.深度

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

本题考查计算机基础知识。

数据总线负责整个系统数据流量的大小,而数据总线宽度则决定了CPU与二级高速缓存、内存以及输入输出设备之间一次数据传输的信息量。

数据总线的宽度(传输线根数)决定了通过它一次所能传递的二进制位数。显然,数据总线越宽,则每次传递的位数越多,因而,数据总线的宽度决定了在内存和CPU之间数据交换的效率。虽然内存是按字节编址的,但可由内存一次传递多个连续单元里存储的信息,即可一次同时传递几个字节的数据。对于CPU来说,最合适的数据总线宽度是与CPU的字长一致。这样,通过一次内存访问就可以传递足够的信息供计算处理使用。过去微机的数据总线宽度不够,影响了微机的处理能力,例如,20世纪80年代初推出的IBM PC所采用的Intel 8088CPU的内部结构是16位,但数据总线宽度只有8位(称为准16位机),每次只能传送1个字节。

由于数据总线的宽度对整个计算机系统的效率具有重要的意义,因而常简单地据此将计算机分类,称为16位机、32位机和64位机等。

地址总线的宽度是影响整个计算机系统的另一个重要参数。在计算机里,所有信息都采用二进制编码来表示,地址也不例外。原则上讲,总线宽度是由CPU芯片决定的。CPU能够送出的地址宽度决定了它能直接访问的内存单元的个数。假定地址总线是20位,则能够访问220B=1MB个内存单元。20世纪80年代中期以后开发的新微处理器,地址总线达到了32位或更多,可直接访问的内存地址达到4000MB以上。巨大的地址范围不仅是扩大内存容量所需要的,也为整个计算机系统(包括磁盘等外存储器在内),甚至还包括与外部的连接(如网络连接)而形成的整个存储体系提供了全局性的地址空间。例如,如果地址总线的标准宽度进一步扩大到64位,则可以将内存地址和磁盘的文件地址统一管理,这对于提高信息资源的利用效率、在信息共享时避免不必要的信息复制、避免工作中的其他开销方面都起着重要作用,同时还有助于提高对整个系统保密安全的防护等。

对于各种外部设备的访问也要通过地址总线。由于设备的种类不可能像存储单元的个数那么多,故对输入输出端口寻址是通过地址总线的低位来进行的。例如,早期的IBM PC使用20位地址线的低16位来寻址I/O端口,可寻址216个端口。

由于采用了总线结构,各功能部件都挂接在总线上,因而存储器和外设的数量可按需要扩充,使微型机的配置非常灵活。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Taking an after-school class will give you a head start in high school. But if it means walking home

every day, even in snow and rain, would you do it?

     I did. I took part in an after-school Spanish class. Because it was after school, no school buses were

there to take me home when the class ended. And my parents couldn't pick me up, so I had to walk home.

     At first I hated the walk because of the long distance. But after a few months, I got used to (习惯于)

it and it became one of my daily activities, like getting dressed and brushing my teeth. And I began to

enjoy it. I got to see things like birds flying and trees changing color. A few times I saw something very

special, like a small snake near the sidewalk, or two cars that came very close to crashing!

     Many of my classmates saw what I did. Once, one girl in my class asked her mother to drive me

home because it was raining outside, and I didn't have an umbrella (雨伞). Some people who I didn't

know even gave me a ride - they thought it was too cold out.

     People always think walking long distances is difficult. Modern technology (技术) makes common

things, like walking, seem impossible. Many people, like myself, live in the country and are close to

nature, but also far away from it because of technology.

1. What class did the writer take part in after school?

A. Math class    

B. Spanish class  

C. Art class

D. English class

2. When did the writer begin to enjoy walking home?

A. At the very beginning.    

B. After a week.  

C. After a few months.      

D. After a year.

3. Why did the writer begin to enjoy walking home?

A. Because something interesting happened on the road every day.

B. Because the writer could get a ride from some strange people.

C. Because the writer enjoyed walking in the rain alone.

D. Because the writer could enjoy some interesting things happening on the road.

4. When it was a rainy or snowy day, ______.

A. some kind people would give him a ride

B. nobody saw him and nobody helped him

C. the writer would choose to stay at school

D. the writer's parents would come to pick him up

5. What does the last paragraph want to tell us?

A. It is difficult for many people to walk long distances.

B. Modern technology brings people a lot of inconvenience (不方便).

C. Modern technology makes people live better, but farther from the nature.

D. It is impossible for people to walk a long distance nowadays.

名词解释