问题 阅读理解与欣赏

谈读书

培根

       读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹,全局策划,则非好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。狡黠者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,惟明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则需咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,味同嚼蜡矣。读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,作文使人准确。因此不常作文者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天资聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩;凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,漫步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖此辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。

1.给文段划分层次,并概括每层的大意。

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2.作者论述了读书的重要,为什么又说“不可尽信书上所言”?

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3.文章开头画线的句子用了什么修辞方法,有什么作用?

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4.第二处画线的句子用了什么论证方法?用自己的话概括出这句的论点来。

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答案

1.第一层,从开头到“全凭观察得之”,阐述读书的正确目的;

     第二层,从“读书时不可存心诘难作者”到“始能无知而显有知”,阐述读书的方法。

     第三层,从“读史使人明智”到结尾,阐述读书能塑造人的性格和弥补精神上的各种缺陷。

2.书上的内容,也许对,也许错;对读者来说也许有用,也许无用。不加分析,全盘吸收,效果不会好。(意思对即可。)

3.排比;这样写,句子整齐,造成一种气势,有力的证明了论点。(意思对即可)

4.比喻论证。人的精神上的缺陷,可以用读书来弥补。(意思对即可)

完形填空
完形填空。
     Mother came from our home village. She stayed with us for ten days. When she was   1   to leave, she
wanted to buy us something    2   a present. "You've got   3 ," she said,"but you seem to have got   4    
The TV set is yours, but the people who walk back and forth in it are all   5  , even murderers, corrupt officials
and thieves come in and   6   it from time to time. The radio cassette player is yours, but it's all others who  
  7   in it. The books on the shelf are yours, but they are all   8    by others. The fridge is yours, but all the
year round it's    9   frost that comes from God knows where.    10    they make your life easy
andcomfortable,   11    of them BELONGS to you in the real sense of the word.     
      12     the day she was to leave for home, she got up early in the morning and   13   back a pickle (泡菜)
pot from the market. "   14   some pickle in it," she said,"and have something  15   suits your own taste."    
      Since then pickles of our own   16     had been added to our diet. When we had guests, we often had
pickles   17   wine. Slightly intoxicated (xcited greatly), everyone would say,"A country flavor, not bad,
Notbad, a country flavor (特别的风味)".      
       18   we had something to our own taste. When we looked at the   19   , it was standing quietly at the
corner. Amid the hustle and bustle of our   20   life and in the apartment of reinforced concrete, the pot
stood there by itself, brewing an old and simple flavor.
( )1. A. on         
( )2. A. since      
( )3. A. everything 
( )4. A. everything
( )5. A. murderers  
( )6. A. out        
( )7. A. sing       
( )8. A. writing    
( )9. A. full       
( )10. A. As        
( )11. A. no one    
( )12. A. On        
( )13. A. took      
( )14. A. Do        
( )15. A. what      
( )16. A. smell     
( )17. A. to go with
( )18. A. But       
( )19. A. pot       
( )20. A. ordinary  
B. about        
B. because     
B. something   
B. something   
B. thieves     
B. out of    
B. dance       
B. written    
B. filled of  
B. But        
B. none       
B. In          
B. brought    
B. Cook        
B. /           
B. sound       
B. went with 
B. So          
B. TV set      
B. usual    
B. about        
B. because     
B. something   
B. something   
B. thieves     
B. out of      
B. dance       
B. written    
B. filled of  
B. But        
B. none       
B. In          
B. brought    
B. Cook        
B. /           
B. sound       
B. went with 
B. So          
B. TV set      
B. usual    
D. of                    
D. for                   
D. anything              
D. anything           
D. strangers            
D. along                  
D. act                 
D. reading                
D. full with            
D. Though              
D. either               
D. Of                   
D. carried             
D. Prepare              
D. as                    
D. taste                   
D. drinking              
D. Or                
D. shelf                 
D. everyday    
单项选择题