问题 综合

(十六)改革开放以来,我国汽车制造业迅猛发展,在多钟区位因素影响下,汽车制造业发生空间集聚与扩散。读下列图文资料,回答问题。(18分)

汽车制造具有链条长,关联企业多的特点,既有整车生产企业,又有与之相配合的上游各零部件生产企业和下游销售服务企业,它们共同组成庞大的汽车产业链。

(1)分析从1996年到2010年京津冀都市圈汽车企业高密度区和中密度区的空间拓展方向。(4分)

(2)图2显示汽车制造业空间演变的一般过程,如图2a所示,在市场等因素的驱动下,在中心区形成汽车核心企业,上、下游的关联企业都集聚而来,形成由核心企业一关联企业组成的汽车产业链。如图2的b、c、图,进一步阐述汽车制造业空间演变的过程和原因。

(8分)

(3)从市场、土地价格、集聚三个方面,分析区位条件对京津冀都市圈汽车制造业发展的影响。(6分)

答案

(1)从1996年到2010年,中密度区明显向都市圈北部拓展;高密度区由京津及其周边地区进一步向外扩展,都市圈东部、南部也出现若干高密度区。

(2)图2b显示,在市场等因素的吸引下,中心区域又出现了新的核心企业,同时与该核心企业相关的上、下游的关联企业也集聚而来,形成由两个核心企业——关联企业组成的汽车产业链。

图2c表示,集聚在中心区域的核心企业和部分关联企业,为了开拓新的市场或为了降低成本,向外扩散,同时集聚了一批新的关联企业。

(3)京津冀都市圈人口众多,经济发展水平较高,汽车销售市场扩大;京、津市区土地价格较高,但该都市圈地域广大,京、津、冀郊区(县)土地价格相对较低;原有工业基础较雄厚,制造业门类齐全,水平高,有利于形成众多的上游关联企业,从而可以集约利用土地资源和已有基础设施,降低生产成本,促进协作与更新。因此,京津冀成为我国汽车制造业集聚程度较高的地域之一,且汽车制造业主要集聚在京、津郊区县或河北省的一些中心城市附近。

题目分析:

(1)对比两幅图中高密度区范围分析,中密度区向都市圈北部拓展;高密度区在京津及其周边地区范围扩大,说明高密度区进一步向外扩展,而在都市圈东部、南部也出现若干高密度区。

(2)结合图例分析图2b,图示首先中心区域又出现了新的核心企业,由于汽车链条长,关联企业多,所以在新核心区周围也集聚了上、下游的关联企业。这样该区域就出现了两个核心企业——关联企业组成的汽车产业链。

图2c显示,核心企业和部分关联企业由中心区域向外扩散,同时也吸引了关联企业的集聚,其原因是为了开拓新的市场或为了降低成本,向外扩散。

(3)从市场分析,京津冀都市圈人口众多,经济发展水平较高,汽车销售市场扩大;从土地价格分析,虽然京津市区价格较高,但京津冀都市圈范围扩展,土地面积增大,其郊区和县区土地价格较低,可以降低汽车生产的成本;从集聚条件分析,该都市圈工业历史发展悠久,工业基础雄厚,制造业门类齐全,水平高,有利于形成众多的上游关联企业,所以与核心企业的集聚条件好;而工业的集聚有利于集约利用土地资源和已有基础设施,降低生产成本,促进协作与更新。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     While most high school students spend most of their time worrying about who likes who,and different

relationships between their classmates,I choose to focus on my school lessons and sports.

     When I was young,my mother encouraged me to develop and keep friendship with boys in order to

build strong relationships. But she told me not to risk a good friendship with a boy with the title of

boyfriend. It's indeed a wise choice to stay friends with those of the opposite sex. In my opinion, even

though some high school relationships might continue after graduation,the probability of them lasting much

longer is so slim that there really is not a point to it.

     Firstly you have to think about such a question-whether it is possible to hurt both of you,or even

hurt both of your future husbands or wives. My second point is that you still can date if you hope marriage could possibly follow. Except this,there really is not any other reason for dating. Some students desire

relationships for a chance to be romantic. While these are nice to have,there are many more important

things at this point in our lives.

     The titles of boyfriend and girlfriend put too much stress on a relationship between high school students. Just staying as common friends may be the best choice for us. I strongly recommend we should deal with

it in an appropriate way and follow our teachers' advice if necessary.

1. The author writes this passage probably for ________ to read.

A. high school students  

B. school teachers

C. parents and teachers  

D. married couples

2. Between sexes,the relationship of being good friends might be ________ than that of being

    boy/girlfriends.

A. weaker  

B. safer

C. slimmer  

D. stronger

3. How does the writer like the idea of dating among the students?

A. Dating is a nice chance for students to be romantic.

B. Studying is far more important than dating in school.

C. In high school dating can surely lead to future marriage.

D. Dating in high school is sure to hurt your future family.

4. The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph might refer to________.

A. the title of boyfriend or girlfriend at school

B. advice given by both teachers and parents

C. the pressure from school lessons and sports

D. the relationship between students of opposite sexes

单项选择题