问题 阅读理解与欣赏

给人生加个意义

       那是一所很有名望的大学。从我的演讲一开始就不断地有纸条递上来。纸条上提得最多的问题是——“人生有什么意义?请你务必说真话, 因为我们已经听过太多言不由衷的假话了。” 

       我念完这个纸条以后台下响起了掌声。我说你们今天提出这个问题很好,我会讲真话。我在西藏阿里的雪山之上,面对着浩瀚的苍穹和壁立的冰川,如同一个茹毛饮血的原始人,反复地思索过这个问题。我相信,一个人在他年轻的时候,是会无数次地叩问自己--我的一生,到底要追索怎样的意义?

       我想了无数个晚上和白天,终于得到了一个答案。今天,在这里,我将非常负责地对大家说,我思索的结果是人生是没有任何意义的!这句话说完,全场出现了短暂的寂静,如同旷野。但是,紧接着就响起了暴风雨般的掌声。

       那是我在演讲中获得的最热烈的掌声。在以前,我从来不相信有什么“暴风雨般的掌声”这种话,觉得那只是一个拙劣的比喻。但这一次,我相信了。我赶快用手做了一个“暂停”的手势,但掌声还是绵延了若干时间。

       我说,大家先不要忙着给我鼓掌,我的话还没有说完。我说人生是没有意义的,这不错,但是——我们每一个人都要为自己确立一个意义!

       是的,关于人生意义的讨论,充斥在我们的周围。很多说法,由于熟悉和重复,已让我们——从熟视无睹滑到了厌烦。可是,这不是问题的真谛。真谛是,别人强加给你的意义,无论它多么正确,如果它不曾进入你的心理结构,它就永远是身外之物。比如我们从小就被家长灌输过人生意义的答案。在此后漫长的岁月里,谆谆告诫的老师和各种类型的教育,也都不断地向我们批发人生意义的补充版。但是有多少人把这种外在的框架,当成了自己的标杆、并为之下定了奋斗终身的决心?

       那一天结束讲演之后,我听到有同学说,他觉得最大的收获是听到一个活生生的中年人亲口说,人生是没有意义的,你要为之确立一个意义。

       其实,不单是中国的年轻人在目标这个问题工漂浮不定,就是在美国的著名学府哈佛大学,有很多人在青年时代也大都未确立自己的目标。我看到一则材料,说某年哈佛的毕业生临出校门的时候,校方为他们做了一个有关人生目标的调查,结果足27%的人完全没有目标,60%的人目标模糊,10%的人有近期目标,只有3%的人有着清晰长远的目标。25年过去了,那3%的人不懈地朝着一个目标坚韧努力,成了社会的精英,而其余的人,成就要相差很多。 

1.本文的中心论点是:_____________________________________________________________________

2.作者为什么认为“人生是没有任何意义的”?

   ________________________________________________________________________________________

3.文中结尾列举的事例有什么作用?

   ________________________________________________________________________________________

4.请简要阐述怎样的人生才有意义,然后举例并作简要分析。

   ________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

1.给人生加个意义(或“人生是没有意义的,你要为之确立一个意义”)。

2.(1)因为人生的意义往往是别人附加的,不一定就纳入自己的心理结构。

     (2)大多数人基本上目标模糊或是没有目标。(意对即可)

3.强调人生要有目标,没有目标或目标不明确是很难取得成功的。(意近即可)

4.有理想,有抱负,能够造福于社会的人生才有意义。(意近即可)

      如:周恩来从小就树立了“为中华崛起而读书”的远大理想,并为之坚持不懈地奋斗。

填空题
阅读理解

Unfortunately, I believe that happiness escapes mostly because they misunderstand the process and journey of finding it. I have heard many people say that, “I’ll be happy when I get my new promotion.” or “I’ll be happy when I earn that extra 20 pounds.” The list goes on and on. You probably have a few of your own you could add if you want.

This thinking is dangerous because it presupposes that happiness is a “response” to having, being or doing something. In life, we all experience stimulus and response. Stimulus is when a dog barks at you and bares his teeth. Response is when your heart beats faster, your palms get sweaty and you prepare to run. Today, some people think that an expensive car is a stimulus. Happiness is a response. A great paying job is a stimulus. Happiness is a response. A loving relationship is a stimulus. Happiness is a response. This belief leaves us thinking and feeling: “I’ll be happy when…”

It has been my finding that actually the opposite is true. I believe that happiness is a stimulus and response is what life brings to those who are truly happy. When we are happy, we tend to have more success in our work. When we are happy, people want to be around us and enjoy loving relationships. When we are happy, we more naturally take better care of our bodies and enjoy good health. Happiness is NOT a response — rather, it is a stimulus.

Happiness is a conscious choice we make every day of our lives. For unknown reason to me, many choose to be painful, unsuccessful and angry most of the time. Happiness is not something that happens to us after we get something we want — we usually get things we want AFTER we choose to be happy.

I have made only one simple rule for my own happiness: Every day above ground is a GOOD day. Therefore, I tend to have a lot of good (and happy) days continually.

小题1:The second paragraph mainly tells us that people seek happiness_______.

A.in the same way

B.in different ways

C.by working hard

D.by taking drugs小题2: What does the underlined phrase “This thinking” refer to?

A.The thinking of being promoted.

B.The giving up of happiness.

C.The process and journey of finding happiness.

D.The misunderstanding of happiness.小题3:The underlined word “stimulus” in para.4 probably means_______.

A.something causes an action

B.something helps to expand

C.attention

D.improvement小题4: The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to________.

A.tell people how to enjoy happiness

B.encourage people to seek happiness

C.express his attitude towards happiness

D.criticize the wrong ideas about happiness