问题 论述题

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 新中国成立以来我国农业科技成果转化率和农业增长率示意图

注:目前,我国农业科技成果转化率仅为30%~40%,远低于发达国家65%~85%的水平。

材料二 连作土传枯萎病是农业生产中遇到的世界性难题。N大学科研团队从上世纪80年代初开始,一直致力于该难题的研究并摘得我国肥料领域唯一“国家专利金奖”。X企业为增强市场竞争力,与该科研团队建立产学研相结合的技术创新体系并采取了一系列措施。X企业以70%的资金股份与N大学以30%的技术股份结成利益共同体;搭建现代企业模式,成立决策、执行和监督机构;依托强大的技术后盾,运用现代管理手段,创新管理机制;始终坚持将最好、最新的产品呈现给农户,保护农业生态环境;顺应市场发展,实现生产型到技术服务型、产业集团型转型。因此,该企业快速成为我国有机(类)肥料行业的“领头羊”。

材料一反映的经济信息?(4分) 结合材料二,从“企业与劳动者”的角度,谈谈该企业成为 “领头羊”对企业经营和发展的启示。(8分)

答案

材料反映的信息:材料一反映新中国成立以来科技成果转化率和农业年平均增长速度都在曲折中增长,说明科技成果转化率是农业增长的重要因素。(2分)但是,与发达国家相比,农业科技成果转化率存在很大差距,说明我国必须大力推进农业科技自主创新,更加注重成果转化和应用推广。(2分)

对企业经营和发展的启示:

①建立现代企业的公司制组织形式。该公司以公司资金和大学技术股份组建有限责任公司,建立了现代企业的典型组织形式。(2分)

②采用法人治理结构。公司搭建现代发展模式,成立决策、执行和监督机构,有效提高了运行效率和管理的科学性,使公司的发展具有充分的活力。(2分)

③提高自主创新能力,依靠技术进步,科学管理手段,形成竞争优势。公司以技术为后盾,运用现代管理手段,不断创新管理机制,为企业发展赢得了竞争优势。(2分)

④通过诚信经营,树立良好的信誉与形象。公司经过努力将最好、最新的产品呈现给消费者,承担社会责任,赢得了市场。(2分)

⑤制定正确的经营战略。公司根据内外形势,制定了正确的经营战略,实现了生产型企业到技术服务型、产业集团型企业转型。(2分)

(答到任意四点即可)

题目分析:本题第一小问以图示加注释的形式考查学生的读图、分析以及归纳总结方面的能力。解答本题需要学生认真分析图示以及注释中的相关信息,需要学生用简练的语言概括出图示及注释反映出的全部经济信息。解答本题学生既要看到新中国成立以来,我国科技成果转化率和农业年平均增长速度从整体上而言呈现出增长的势头,这充分说明了科技成果转化率是农业增长的重要因素;也要看到与发达国家相比,我国农业科技成果转化率存在很大差距,启示我们必须大力推进农业科技自主创新,更加注重成果转化和应用推广。本题第二小问要求学生结合材料二,从“企业与劳动者”的角度分析说明该企业成为 “领头羊”对企业经营和发展的启示。解答本题学生必须以材料二中X企业的经营发展措施为依据,从中找出关键语句,来确定答题的方向。题中材料“X企业与该科研团队建立产学研相结合的技术创新体系”,启示学生可从走产学研相结合的道路、制定正确的经营战略等方面去分析说明;题中材料“X企业以70%的资金股份与N大学以30%的技术股份结成利益共同体”以及“搭建现代企业模式,成立决策、执行和监督机构”,启示学生可从建立现代企业制度以及公司制企业形式等角度去分析说明;题中材料“依托强大的技术后盾,运用现代管理手段,创新管理机制”,启示学生可从依靠技术进步,科学管理手段,提高自主创新能力的角度去分析说明;题中材料“始终坚持将最好、最新的产品呈现给农户,保护农业生态环境;顺应市场发展”,启示学生可从通过诚信经营,树立良好的信誉与形象的角度去分析说明。

填空题
单项选择题

Passage Three

Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any feasible wage.
Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward pressure on natives’ wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be.
In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make natives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in America: if there were any marked influence on wages, that is where you would expect to find it, given the scale of immigration and the tendency of the newcomers to concentrate in certain areas. But most studies have compared wages and employment in areas with many immigrants to wages and employment in areas with few. For instance, one examined the impact of sudden and notorious inflow of refugees to Miami from the Cuban port of Mariel in 1980. Within the space of a few months, 125 000 people had arrived, increasing Miami’s labor force by 7%. Yet the study concluded that wages and employment among the city’s natives, including the unskilled, were virtually unaffected. Another study examined the effect of immigration on wages and employment of those at the bottom of the jobs ladder—unskilled blacks and Hispanics. It found that a doubling of the rate of immigration had no detectable effect on natives.
The most recent work, admittedly, has tended to question these findings. Using more detailed statistics and more sophisticated methods than the earlier studies, this work has tended to find that immigrants’ wages take longer to rise to the level of the natives’ wages than has been supposed. This implies a more persistent downward pressure on the host economy’s labor market.
Typically these studies find that immigration does depress unskilled natives’ wages to a small extent. But nearly all economists would agree that the effects of immigration are insignificant in relation to other influences.

The passage is intended to convey that the effect of immigration on natives’ wages is ______.

A.uncertain

B.persistent

C.inconclusive

D.insignificant